Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Fully Convolutional Networks

Deep learning usually requires large amounts of labeled training data, but annotating data is costly and tedious. The framework of semi-supervised learning provides the means to use both labeled data and arbitrary amounts of unlabeled data for training. Recently, semi-supervised deep learning has been intensively studied for standard CNN architectures. However, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) set the state-of-the-art for many image segmentation tasks. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing semi-supervised learning method for such FCNs yet. We lift the concept of auxiliary manifold embedding for semi-supervised learning to FCNs with the help of Random Feature Embedding. In our experiments on the challenging task of MS Lesion Segmentation, we leverage the proposed framework for the purpose of domain adaptation and report substantial improvements over the baseline model.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Expected exponential loss for gaze-based video and volume ground truth annotation

Many recent machine learning approaches used in medical imaging are highly reliant on large amounts of image and ground truth data. In the context of object segmentation, pixel-wise annotations are extremely expensive to collect, especially in video and 3D volumes. To reduce this annotation burden, we propose a novel framework to allow annotators to simply observe the object to segment and record where they have looked at with a \$200 eye gaze tracker. Our method then estimates pixel-wise probabilities for the presence of the object throughout the sequence from which we train a classifier in semi-supervised setting using a novel Expected Exponential loss function. We show that our framework provides superior performances on a wide range of medical image settings compared to existing strategies and that our method can be combined with current crowd-sourcing paradigms as well.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figues, MICCAI 2017 - LABELS Worksho

Unsupervised domain adaptation in brain lesion segmentation with adversarial networks

Significant advances have been made towards building accu- rate automatic segmentation systems for a variety of biomedical applica- tions using machine learning. However, the performance of these systems often degrades when they are applied on new data that differ from the training data, for example, due to variations in imaging protocols. Man- ually annotating new data for each test domain is not a feasible solution. In this work we investigate unsupervised domain adaptation using ad- versarial neural networks to train a segmentation method which is more invariant to differences in the input data, and which does not require any annotations on the test domain. Specifically, we learn domain-invariant features by learning to counter an adversarial network, which attempts to classify the domain of the input data by observing the activations of the segmentation network. Furthermore, we propose a multi-connected domain discriminator for improved adversarial training. Our system is evaluated using two MR databases of subjects with traumatic brain in- juries, acquired using different scanners and imaging protocols. Using our unsupervised approach, we obtain segmentation accuracies which are close to the upper bound of supervised domain adaptation

Comparison of fiber effect on glycemic index and glycemic load in differents types of bread

Indexación: Scopus; Redalyc.Existen diversos alimentos que contienen como nutriente principal hidratos de carbono, destacando entre ellos el pan por su masivo consumo a nivel mundial. Numerosos estudios se han llevado a cabo con el fin de reducir su índice glicémico, sin embargo, aún existe controversia sobre la acción de la fibra dietética en la disminución del IG en este alimento. Este estudio determinó el efecto de la fibra dietética sobre el índice glicémico y carga glicémica en dos tipos de panes comerciales en 23 individuos sanos quienes consumieron aleatoriamente 3 diferentes productos, de 50 g de carbohidratos cada uno, durante 6 días: pan blanco (PH), pan integral (PF), y solución glucosada como producto de referencia (SG). Se midió glicemia en ayunas y post-prandial a los tiempos 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min. La insulina fue medida en el minuto 0 y 120 min. El área bajo la curva de glicemia resultó más baja para ambos tipos de pan PH 13589 ±1557, PF 12005 ±1254 que para el producto de referencia SG 14089 ±1245. Los valores del índice glicémico PH 68,55 ±1,2 y PF 62,10 ±1,3 y carga glicémica PH 16,45 ±1,4 resultaron más bajos para el pan con mayor aporte de fibra 9,93 ± 1,1, sin diferencias en la concentración de insulina, sugiriendo que la cantidad de carbohidratos y tipo de fibra contenidos en el pan integral, pueden considerarse factores intrínsecos en su composición nutricional, capaces de afectar la respuesta glicémica post- ingesta de estos productos en individuos sanos.There are several foods that contain carbohydrates as the main nutrient, being one of the most important the bread for its massive worldwide consumption. Numerous studies have been done in order to reduce its glycemic index, however there is still controversy about the action of dietary fiber in the decrease of GI in this product. In this study, it was determined the effect of dietetic fiber on glycemic index and glycemic load in two types of commercial breads in 23 healthy individuals who randomly consumed 3 different products during 6 days of 50g of carbohydrates each: white bread (PH), whole wheat bread (PE) and glucose solution as reference product (SG). Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured at times 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Insuline was measured at 0 min and 120 min. The area under de glycemia curve was lower for both bread types PH 13589 ±1557, PF 12005 ±1254 than for the reference product SG 14089 ±1245. The values of the glycemic index PH 68,55 ±1,2 and PF 62,01 ±1,3 and glycemic load PH 16.45 ±1,4 were lower for bread with more amount fiber 9,93 ± 1,1, with no difference in insulin concentration, suggesting that the amount of carbohydrates and fiber type contained in whole wheat bread can be considered intrinsic factors in bread composition, affecting the post-intake glycemic response of this type of products in healthy individuals.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800

Effect of oat β-glucan on glycemic index and glycemic load of a nutritional supplement sweetened with sucralose in healthy adults: A randomized clinical trial

Indexación: Scopus; RedalycLas propiedades hipoglicemiantes del β-glucano de avena son de interés para la industria alimentaria y el área clínica, por sus potenciales beneficios sobre la salud al disminuir la respuesta glicémica, el nivel sérico de lipoproteínas de baja densidad y el índice glicémico de los alimentos. Existen suplementos nutricionales específicos para diabéticos edulcorados con sucralosa cuyo índice glicémico y carga glicémica aún no han sido establecidos. El efecto del β-glucano de avena sobre el índice glicémico y carga glicémica de un suplemento nutricional edulcorado con sucralosa, fue determinado en 13 adultos sanos (6 hombres y 7 mujeres), quienes consumieron aleatoriamente 4 alimentos en días distintos, de 50 g de carbohidratos cada uno: suplemento nutricional para diabéticos (FN), suplemento nutricional con β-glucano (FN- β), y como productos de referencia: solución glucosada (SG) y pan blanco (PB). Se midió glicemia en ayunas y post- prandial a los tiempos 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min. El área bajo la curva de glicemia resultó más baja para ambas fórmulas (FN) 12697±993, (FN-β) 11584 ±1171, que para los productos de referencia:(SG) 13900±1245, y (PB) 13267 ± 1557. Los valores de índice glicémico (FN) 67,02 ± 5,69, así como la carga glicémica resultaron intermedios y más bajos para el suplemento con β-glucano incorporado (FN –β) 59,8 ± 6,2; sin diferencias en la concentración de insulina, sugiriendo que la adición del β-glucano derivado de la avena reduce la velocidad de absorción intestinal de la glucosa, efecto que podría estudiarse en diabéticos.The hypoglycemic properties of oat β-glucan is of interest for the food industry and clinical area, for potencial health benefits by reducing glycemic response, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycemic index of meals. There are specific nutritional supplements for diabetics sweetened with sucralose whose glycemic index and glycemic load has not been established. Effect of oat β-glucan on glycemic index and glycemic load of a nutritional supplement sweetened with sucralose in healthy adults was determined in 13 healthy subjects (6 men and 7 women) old that consumed randomly 4 meals of 50 g of carbohydrates each in different days: a nutritional supplement for diabetics (FN), the nutritional supplement with β-glucan incorporated (FN-β) and two reference food, glucose solution (SG) and white bread (PB). Fasting and postprandial glycemia was measured at times 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The area under the glycemia curve was lower for both formulas (FN) 12697±993, (FN-β) 11584 ±1171 than for reference products (SG) 13900±1245, y (PB) 13267 ± 1557. The values of glycemic index (GI) (FN) 67, 02 ± 5,69 and glycemic load were intermediate and more lower for the supplement with β-glucan incorporated (FN –β) 59, 8 ± 6,2, with no difference of insulin concentration . Suggesting that the addition of oat-derived β-glucan reduces the rate of intestinal absorption of glucose. This effect should be studied in diabetic.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990800

Medical imaging: Foundations and scope

Indexación: Scopus; Radalyc.En la actualidad es innegable la utilidad de las diversas modalidades de imagenología médica como apoyo clínico tanto en la generación de diagnósticos de un buen número de enfermedades como en la planeación de tratamientos tendientes a proporcionar una alternativa de solución a las personas que, por una u otra razón, manifiestan algún desequilibrio en su salud. Entre las modalidades imagenológicas que, frecuentemente, se utilizan en el ámbito médico se pueden mencionar: Ultrasonido (US), Resonancia Magnética (MRI), Tomografía Computarizada sencilla (CT) y multicapa (MSCT), Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Positrones (PET) y Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Fotones simples (SPECT). En este sentido, este artículo tiene como finalidad presentar una descripción ordenada, coherente y sistemática de cada una de las mencionadas modalidades y establecer la vinculación de la MSCT con situaciones clínicas íntimamente relacionadas con la anatomía cardiaca y procesos de hipertensión. La razón por la cual se hace énfasis en la MSCT es debido a que, por una parte, se cuenta con un número importante de bases de datos tanto de sujetos fisiológicos como de sujetos patológicos y, por la otra, que se tiene previsto presentar un conjunto de técnicas computacionales que serán exploradas en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en el contexto de aspectos anatómico-cardiológicos que influyen directa o indirectamente en la aparición, desarrollo y prevalencia de procesos hipertensivos.Nowdays, several forms of medical imaging are usefulness in clinical support for both diagnostics diseases generation and treatment planning designed to provide an alternative solution to people who, for one or another reason, manifest an imbalance in your health. Among the imaging modalities that frequently are used in the medical field may include: Ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), simple computed tomography (CT) and multilayer computed tomography (MSCT), CT positron emission tomography (PET) Computed tomography and single photon emission (SPECT). In this sense, this article presents an orderly, coherent and systematic description of these modalities and it establishes relationship with the MSCT modality and clinical situations closely related to cardiac anatomy and hypertension processes. The reason emphasis on MSCT is done is because, on the one hand, we have a large number of databases both physiological subjects and pathological subjects and, on the other, we plan to present a set of computational techniques that will be explored in future research, in the context of cardiologic anatomical aspects, with directly or indirectly influence in the emergence, development and prevalence of hypertensive processes.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990700

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot