Quantitative genetic variation in carbonic anhydrase isozymes from tissues of the pig-tailed macaque, Macaca nemestrina

Two isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA I and CA II) were quantified by a radio-immunoassay in 10 different tissues of the pig-tailed macaque. There were clearly differences in relative amounts of the two isozymes, indicating a differential regulation of these two different gene products. An inherited deficiency variant reduced red cell CA I and CA II 5000-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively. In nine other tissues, CA I was reduced from approximately twofold to 110-fold, and CA II was essentially unchanged. The CA I in deficient red cells was immunochemically and electrophoretically identical to common electrophoretic variants of CA I in the pig-tailed macaque and was enzymatically active.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44174/1/10528_2004_Article_BF00485860.pd

International comparisons of child injuries and prevention programs: recommendations for an improved prevention program in Germany

Objectives—To compare child injury mortality in Germany with that of four neighboring countries, and to examine injury prevention models in these countries with a view to improving prevention programs in Germany. Methods—Based on official cause of death certificates, child injury mortality rates in Germany are compared with those of Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland. The main structures and funding of injury prevention programs in these countries are described. Results—In all five countries, mortality is highest among children aged 1–4 years for home and leisure accidents and drownings. Transport accidents are the main cause of death in the 5–14 age group. Mortality in both age groups has fallen significantly since 1980, most markedly in Sweden and the Netherlands. Conclusion—Drawing on the injury mortality data and experience of the comparison countries, the following recommendations are proposed to further reduce home and leisure injuries among children in Germany: (1) establish a soundly funded, central institution responsible for child injury surveillance, research, and the coordination of injury prevention activities, (2) improve product control legislation, and (3) disseminate specific safety information to target groups and the general public