Neue Lerntechnologien für Umweltwissenschaften

Umweltwissenschaften/Ökologie sind durch ihren hohen Grad an Vernetzung, Inter- und Transdisziplinarität dazu prädestiniert, um umweltrelevantes Wissen mit "neuen Lerntechnologien" (E-Learning; internet-based learning; Multimedia-Unterricht) zu vermitteln. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Auswahl von solchen Aktivitäten an den Universitäten Basel, Bern und Zürich sowie der ETH Zürich vor

Structural and spatially-resolved studies on the hardening of a commercial resin-modified glass-ionomer cement

A commercial photopolymerizable resinmodified glass-ionomer (Fuji II LC) was studied using a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. H and F stray-field imaging (STRAFI) enabled to follow the acid–base reaction kinetics in self-cured (SC) samples. Gelation and maturation processes with 25 min and 40 h average time constants, respectively, were distinguished. In self- & photo-cured (SPC) samples, two processes were also observed, which occurred with 2 s and 47 s average time constants. H, Al and Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, C cross-polarization (CP)/MAS NMR and 27Al multiple quanta (MQ)MAS NMR spectroscopy were used to obtain structural information on the glass and cements that were either SC or SPC. The presence of methacrylate groups was identified in the solid component. Unreacted hydroxyl ethylmethacrylate (HEMA) was detected in self-cured cement. Al data showed that approximately 28% and 20% of Al is leached out from glass particles in SC and SPC samples, respectively. The upfield shift detected in 25Si MAS NMR spectra of the cements is consistent with a decrease in the number of Al species in the second coordination sphere of the silicon structures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed existence of 3D shrinkage of the cement matrix in photo-cured cements.(undefined

Synthesis of oligomeric models of coal-derived materials for use with GPC calibration. Quarterly report, June-August 1982. [Gel permeation chromatography]

One important facet of the characterization of coal-derived materials is that of molecular weight determination. Number average molecular weight is usually obtained by vapor pressure osmometry measurements. However, no satisfactory method is available for determining weight average molecular weights. The latter values are useful in predicting rheological properties. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a technique which should be most readily adaptable for this measurement. The other techniques of ultracentrifugation and light scattering are not as readily available as GPC. At this time, satisfactory GPC calibration standards which possess chemical structures similar to coal derived mterials are non-existent. The purpose of this study is to develop a useful set of GPC calibration standards for asphaltene and preaspaltene analyses. Our previous results suggest models in which coal derived preasphaltenes and asphaltenes are composed of oligomeric aromatic ethers of both diaryl and furan types. We plan to synthesize a series of model oligomers that are in agreement with the average structural formulas of some selected coal preasphaltenes as determined by pmr, elemental analyses and various oxygen derivatization procedures. These model compounds will be tested for use as calibration standards for both high pressure gel permeation chromatographic and vapor pressure osmometric procedures. Their response and retention times will be compared with coal preasphaltenes to determine the suitability of the model compounds as calibration standards

Genetic structure and phylogeography of alpine relict populations of Ranunculus pygmaeus and Saxifraga cernua

ISSN:0253-1453ISSN:1420-906

Conversion of solvent refined lignite into premium liquid fuels. Annual report, January-December, 1980

Comparison of three preasphaltene samples separated from three lignite derived samples obtained from GFETC prepared at 404, 460 and 480/sup 0/C shows that increased temperature tends to produce higher molecular weight preasphaltene fractions containing more aromatic carbons with fewer acid (phenolic) sites per molecule. Ether cleavage studies of the model compounds; diphenyl ether, bibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran and anisole, show that partial or complete ether cleavage was obtained with sodium in hexamethyl phosphoramide solvent. Thus a careful consideration of acidity before and after cleavage can now give a measure of the diaryl ether content of a mixture. This reaction may be useful in coal liquid analysis. Denitrification of N,N-Dimethylamine without aromatic ring reduction occurs with CO-H/sub 2/O and H/sub 2/ at 425/sup 0/C in about 13% conversion. The optimum of 21 conditions gave a 19% conversion which occurs at 150 psi H/sub 2/S and 750 psi H/sub 2/. Thus, H/sub 2/S enhances nitrogen removal from this model compound. Using ESR dispersion techniques we have shown the presence of a second CO radical species on MgO, probably CO-.. observed by ESR, treatment of carbon monoxide radical species on both CO and MgO with CO/sub 2/ or H/sub 2/O causes a destruction of one of the radical species at a rate greater than that of the other