Incidence of congenital anomalies in Navodaya Medical College

Background: Congenital anomalies are defined as structural or functional anomalies including metabolic disorders, that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified antenatally, at birth or later in life. It accounts for 11% of neonatal deaths globally and accounts for 8–18% of perinatal deaths and 10–15% of neonatal deaths in India. Aims and objectives of the research were to study incidence and risk factors associated with congenital anomalies in Navodaya Medical College.Methods: The clinical study was done on 3008 patients over 1 year at Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre Thorough history, antenatal ultrasound, blood tests, new born babies were examined thoroughly by the paediatrician to detect the congenital malformation. If any internal congenital malformation were suspected further investigation like ultrasonography (USG), echocardiography (ECHO), X-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were done.Results: Out of 3008 cases, 40 babies had congenital anomalies, incidence is 1.3%, most commonly involved system is musculoskeletal system followed by cardiovascular system. Major risk factors associated are extremes of age, parity, lack of ante natal check-ups, no intake of folic acid, maternal diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Congenital malformations though cannot be prevented totally but can be minimised and if detected early which reduces mental agony in mother and family. Prenatal counselling, periconceptional folate, anomaly scan, prenatal diagnosis reduces the incidence of neonatal and infant morbidity and mortalities in India

Role of hysterolaparoscopy in management of infertility a retrospective clinical analysis

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of infertility is an elaborate process. The goal of treating clinician is to decide upon the plan of management best suited to the couple by selecting relevant investigations and procedures from available options. Objective was to determine the role of hysterolaparoscopy in the management of infertility.  Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary canter (Department of reproductive medicine and surgery) over a period of 12 months-January 2019 to December 2019. Women aged 20-40 years with primary or secondary infertility, except male factor infertility, undergoing hysterolaparoscopy were included. Results: Out of 41 cases, 71.84% patients had primary infertility. Common laparoscopic abnormalities were adhesions (36.5%) and endometriosis (17.07%) Hysteroscopy revealed polyps (9.7%) and intrauterine synechia (4.8%) as common pathologies. The diagnosed pathologies were dealt surgically in the same sitting. Plan of infertility treatment could be outlined in all patients based on intraoperative findings. Conclusion: Hysterolaparoscopy serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Various pelvic, peritoneal, tubal, endometrial and uterine factors can be diagnosed and treated at the same time. The clinician has to be well versed and skilled in selecting and performing the appropriate surgery. Clinical information gained from hysterolaparoscopy helps in decision making and designing individualized, evidence-based treatment plan can for the patients

Phytotoxicity of herbicides on Cynodon dactylon

Field experiment was conducted to manage the sedge and broad leaf weeds in lawn during November to December 2013 to February to March 2014. Experimental plot was red sandy loam soil with pH 6.50.The experimental plot consisted of bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon which was established through turfing. The experimental plot was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) having 17 treatments with three replications. Herbicide treatments include 2, 4-D sodium salt 80 WP at (2, 3 and 4g/lit of water), 2, 4-D dimethyl amine salt 58% EC at (5, 7.5 and 10 ml/lit of water), carfentrozone ethyl 40 DF at (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/lit of water), fluroxypyr meptyl 48% EC at (1.5, 3 and 6 ml/lit of water) and chlorimuron methyl + metasulfuron methyl at (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/lit of water). Hand weeding was done at every 20 days interval at 20 days after application of herbicides and also maintained one unweeded control in during November to December and February to March. The phytotoxic symptoms were observed only fluroxypyr meptyl 48% EC applied at 6 ml/lit of water at 3, 7, 10, 15 and 25 days after application of herbicides (DAAH) but it recovered at later stages. However, the other herbicides did not cause any phytotoxic effect on C. dactylon

Coitus induced vaginal evisceration in a premenopausal woman: a case report

Vaginal evisceration in premenopausal women after trans-abdominal hysterectomy is extremely rare in occurrence and only few cases have been documented in worldwide literature. Here we report a premenopausal woman with coitus induced trans-vaginal evisceration who had undergone trans-abdominal hysterectomy two years ago

Exploring NGC 2345: A Comprehensive Study of a Young Open Cluster through Photometric and Kinematic Analysis

We conducted a photometric and kinematic analysis of the young open cluster NGC 2345 using CCD \emph{UBV} data from 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT), \emph{Gaia} Data Release 3 (DR3), 2MASS, and the APASS datasets. We found 1732 most probable cluster members with membership probability higher than 70$\%$. The fundamental and structural parameters of the cluster are determined based on the cluster members. The mean proper motion of the cluster is estimated to be $\mu_{\alpha}cos\delta$ = ${-1.34}\pm0.20$ and $\mu_{\delta}$= $1.35\pm 0.21$ mas $yr^{-1}$. Based on the radial density profile, the estimated radius is $\sim$ 12.8 arcmin (10.37 pc). Using color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, we estimate the reddening, age, and distance to be $0.63\pm0.04$ mag, 63 $\pm$ 8 Myr, and 2.78 $\pm$ 0.78 kpc, respectively. The mass function slope for main-sequence stars is determined as $1.2\pm 0.1$. The mass function slope in the core, halo, and overall region indicates a possible hint of mass segregation. The cluster's dynamical relaxation time is 177.6 Myr, meaning ongoing mass segregation, with complete equilibrium expected in 100-110 Myr. Apex coordinates are determined as $-40^{\circ}.89 \pm 0.12, -44^{\circ}.99 \pm 0.15$. The cluster's orbit in the Galaxy suggests early dissociation in field stars due to its close proximity to the Galactic disk.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A and 21 pages, 22 Figure

Clostridium difficile in Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea and Detection of Toxin Producing Strains in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra

Background: Rampant and injudicious use of broad spectrum antibiotic in hospitalized patients has increased the incidence of Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD). In recent years, Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) has become more frequent, severe, and difficult to treat. Aim and Objective: A prospective, study was conducted to isolate C. difficile in Antibiotic-associated Diarrhoea (AAD) and to detect toxin producing strains of C. difficile from faecal samples of patients suspected to have CDI. Material and Methods: A total of 111 hospitalized patients who developed diarrhoea after >72 hours of admission and suspected of CDI were enrolled for investigation. The samples were subjected to anaerobic culture and toxin assay. Results: The total sample size of the study was 111 patients who were having antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Majority of the patients were from the age group 21-30 years and 41-50 years i.e., 23 (20.7%). Males 64 (57.7%) were affected more as compared to females 47 (42.3%). Third generation cephalosporins were the most common group of antibiotics associated with both AAD 36 (32.4%) and CDAD 9 (42.85%) cases, followed by carbapenem fluroquinolones in combination 3 (12.5%). Culture positivity was seen in 12 (10.81%) of the 111 stool samples and 39 (35.13%) were toxin producers. Conclusion: The use of several medications was found to be associated with an increased risk of CDAD. The only way to reduce Cl. difficile infection is to judiciously use antibiotics, strictly adhere to antibiotic policy and to give prime importance to strict infection control measures

Exposure to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Is Associated With Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Signaling and Apoptosis in Rat Lungs

Objectives: With recent advances in nanoparticle manufacturing and applications, potential exposure to nanoparticles in various settings is becoming increasing likely. No investigation has yet been performed to assess whether respiratory tract exposure to cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles is associated with alterations in protein signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis in rat lungs. Methods: Specific-pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were instilled with either vehicle (saline) or CeO2 nanoparticles at a dosage of 7.0 mg/kg and euthanized 1, 3, 14, 28, 56, or 90 days after exposure. Lung tissues were collected and evaluated for the expression of proteins associated with inflammation and cellular apoptosis. Results: No change in lung weight was detected over the course of the study; however, cerium accumulation in the lungs, gross histological changes, an increased Bax to Bcl-2 ratio, elevated cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and diminished phosphorylation of ERK-1/2-MAPK were detected after CeO2 instillation (p\u3c0.05). Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that high-dose respiratory exposure to CeO2 nanoparticles is associated with lung inflammation, the activation of signaling protein kinases, and cellular apoptosis, which may be indicative of a long-term localized inflammatory response

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