Controlled inter-state switching between quantized conductance states in resistive devices for multilevel memory

A detailed understanding of quantization conductance (QC), their correlation with resistive switching phenomena and controlled manipulation of quantized states is crucial for realizing atomic-scale multilevel memory elements. Here, we demonstrate highly stable and reproducible quantized conductance states (QC-states) in Al/Niobium oxide/Pt resistive switching devices. Three levels of control over the QC-states, required for multilevel quantized state memories, like, switching ON to different quantized states, switching OFF from quantized states, and controlled inter-state switching among one QC states to another has been demonstrated by imposing limiting conditions of stop-voltage and current compliance. The well defined multiple QC-states along with a working principle for switching among various states show promise for implementation of multilevel memory devices

The Effect of Normalization on Intrusion Detection Classifiers (Na�ve Bayes and J48)

Intrusion Detection has become an inevitable area for commercial applications and academic research. Network traffic is typically very high volume and consists of both qualitative and quantitative data with different range of values. Raw data needs to be pre-processed before fed into any learning model and the most used technique is normalization [1]. Attribute normalization eliminates the dominance of attributes with extreme values by scaling it within the range. However, many intrusion detection methods do not normalize attributes before training and detection [2]. Network traffic data contains features that are qualitative or quantitative nature and has to be treated differently [3]. This work studies the effect of normalization on Naive Bayes and J48 Decision tree classifier with the corrected KDDCUP99 and Kyoto 2006+ dataset. A comprehensive approach for normalization for network traffic attributes has been proposed

Factors influencing Employee Engagement in Public and Private Sector Banks in Chhattisgarh

 Employee involvement is regarded by many as a modern human resource strategy that helps companies to deal with volatile and turbulent market conditions. However, the research community in the banking industry is still searching for predictors of employee engagement. In Chhattisgarh, the banking sector is regarded as a place to work that respects the needs of each individual employee while also inspiring them to achieve their individual goals. The aim of this study was to highlight the needs of various individuals as well as the organization's expectations. Understanding generation Y (Gen Y) specific characteristics, desires, and aspirations, which are critical in today's context, is emphasised. Understanding how Gen Y workers act and what motivates them, as well as how they vary from Gen X employees, is a major focus. Better results are achieved by banks that are eager to understand their customers' needs and willing to support their employees' growth. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect data from 412 respondents in selected cities of public and private sector banks in Chhattisgarh. In addition, the element "work satisfaction" is used to examine individual personal differences in the organization's success

EMAT Based Ultrasonic System for Determination of Thickness Variation in Metallic Samples

Thickness measurement is an important primary measurement parameter. It itself and from the various derived para-meters, provides valuable information in testing and process industries. Although numerous techniques are avail-able for thickness measurement which provide very good results for transparent material and when both sides are accessible, but these methods have limitations in case of opaque material and when only one side is accessible. A new EMAT based non contact technique is reported in this paper which is capable of measuring thickness variation even in opaque material and if only one side is accessible. Using EMAT it was possible to measure the thickness of a material in the order of a few nanometers. This was achi-evable by the facility developed at NPL, India to measure ultrasonic Time of Flight (TOF) to an accuracy of nano-seconds with deviation of 300 picoseconds. An experiment was done using EMAT to measure the variation in thickness due to stamped notch in an aluminium block having thick-ness of 25mm. EMAT system was able to measure considerable variation in the thickness due to notch. An experiment was also done on circular metallic pipe to determine the variation in inner diameter by measuring wall thickness. Excellent result was obtained with greater precision. This better precision is achieved because of Beam Width to Reflector ratio being close to unity. In case of flat plates this ratio is much greater than unity. To reduce this ratio to unity even in case of flat plates several samples were used in conjunction with EMAT and experiments were again performed on the above mentioned aluminium block to determine the variation in thickness due to notch

BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF IBRUTINIB IN BIOLOGICAL MATRICES BY LC-MS/MS

Objective: The main aim of the research was to develop a fast and highly sensitive bioanalytical LC-MS/MS technique for the quantitation of ibrutinib in human plasma. Methods: Chromatography has achieved on a reverse phase-symmetry C18 (75 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) column with gradient elution by acetonitrile, methanol and 0.1%v/v formic acid as the mobile phase. Chromatographic peaks were resolved with 0.7 ml/min flow rate. Drug was extracted with ethyl acetate solvent by liquid-liquid extraction method. Monitoring of transition of m/z 441.2 and 55.01 for ibrutinib and 446.5 and 60.01 for Ibrutinib-D5 were made on multiple reaction monitoring. Results: Calibration curve of ibrutinib was linear over 1-600 ng/ml concentration range with a regression coefficient (r2) value of>0.99. The % RSD values were less than 8.5% for inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy. The method has excellent recovery and the percentage recovery values of lower quality control (LQC), median quality control (MQC) and higher quality control (HQC) samples were 101.86%, 102.8%, and 99.28% respectively. Conclusion: The drug was stable for more time at variable stability conditions and method was successfully applicable to the regular analysis of ibrutinib in biological matrices

Acceleration of pro-caspase-3 maturation and cell migration inhibition in human breast cancer cells by phytoconstituents of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts

The aggressive nature of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer subtype obligates for innovative targeted therapies. The present study aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and specific anticancer activities of Rheum emodi rhizome, a known food source used locally to treat various ailments. Petroleum ether extracts (hot [PHR] and cold [PCR]) of R. emodi, exhibited significant free radical scavenging potentials through DPPH and reducing power assays, rendering them as good sources of antioxidants. The extracts, PHR and PCR had shown significant (P < 0.05) cancer-cell-specific cytotoxicity in the assayed cells (MDA-MB-231 [breast carcinoma] and WRL-68 [non-tumoral]) at 100 μg/ml, and 50 and 100 μg/ml concentrations respectively. Extracts also induced fervent apoptosis in ER-negative cells (MDA-MB-231) compared to ER-positive subtype (MCF-7), and found to involve CPP32/caspase-3 in its apoptosis induction mechanism. Moreover, extracts had an inevitable potential to inhibit the migration of metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)in vitro. Further, the active principles of extracts were identified through HPLC and GC-MS analysis to reveal major polyphenolics, 4,7-Dimethyl-(octahydro)indolo[4,3-fg]quinolin-10-one, 5-Oxo-isolongifolene, Valencene-2, and other quinone, quinoline and anthraquinone derivatives. The extracts are thus good candidates to target malignant ER-negative breast cancer, and the identified phytoconstituents could be eluted in further exploratory studies for use in dietary-based anti-breast cancer therapies

Hematological Profile of People Living with HIV/AIDS

INTRODUCTION: The HIV epidemic, is a convincing illustration of the balance between the power of science and the humanism of modern medicine. The epidemic is so serious that between 1981 and 2000, 21.8 million people had died of HIV/AIDS1. Clinically significant hematologic abnormalities are common in HIV infection. Hematologic abnormalities are among the most common complications of infection with HIV2. These abnormalities are due to: • Impaired hematopoiesis. • Immune mediated cytopenias and, • Altered coagulation mechanisms. These abnormalities may occur as a result of HIV infection itself, as sequelae of HIV related opportunistic infections or malignancies or as a consequence of therapies used for HIV infection and associated conditions. Despite the availability of various categories of diagnostic and monitoring techniques for HIV/AIDs, the costs of it are still unaffordable to several people in the resource poor settings. Early identification of the hematologic abnormalities would lead to appropriate planning of treatment strategies. Hence, this study was conducted in order to know the pattern of these hematologic abnormalities among PLHA’s. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To analyse the hematological profile of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA’s). 2. To identify the possible correlation between WHO clinical stage and hematological abnormalities if any. MATERIALS: Subjects: All patients with HIV infection attending Govt. General Hospital between May 2005 - May 2007. Period of Study: May 2005 to May 2007. Design of Study: Prospective Study. Eligibility Criteria: 1. All patients with HIV infection. 2. HIV infection proven by ELISA & western blot assay. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Chronic infection like tuberculosis. 2. Alcoholics. 3. Worm infestations. 4. Chronic kidney disease. 5. Drug intake (phenytoin). 6. Patient on anti retroviral therapy. Methodology: All patients with HIV infection attending Govt. General Hospital during the study period were evaluated for the conditions which could alter the Hematological parameters and if found so, they were excluded from the study. Those included in the study were investigated for Hb% total count, differential count, ESR and platelet count. CD4 count done by flow cytometric analysis was obtained. They were staged as per the WHO clinical staging given by the National AIDS control organisation (NACO) OBSERVATIONS: 100 patients with HIV infection were included in the study after excluding for all possible parameters that could affect the blood cell counts. Before the initiation of anti retroviral therapy they were investigated for Hb, total count, differential count, CD4 count, platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). CONCLUSION: 100 PLHA’s were analysed for the Hematological abnormalities in HIV/AIDs. • Majority of them were in stage III (55%) and had CD4 count <200/microlitre (87%). • Leucopenia was found in 41% of them. • Neutropenia was detected in 29%. • Thrombocytopenia was found in 40% • Anemia and elevated ESR detected in 79% and 71% respectively. • Lymphocytopenia was detected in 30% of PLHA’s who also had low CD 4 count as per the WHO documents. • The analysis of correlation between WHO staging and hematologic abnormalities revealed statistically significant relation only with anemia