A preliminary study on kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) accessions for fibre and pulp production (Kajian awal aksesi kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) untuk penghasilan serabut dan pulpa)

Abstrak Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) merupakan pokok semusim daripada famili Malvaceae yang digunakan sebagai bahan asas dalam penghasilan tali, karung, kanvas dan permaidani. Sejumlah 16 aksesi kenaf telah dikaji dari segi pertumbuhan termasuklah bentuk daun, pigmentasi batang, saiz biji benih (mengikut isipadu) dan fenologi bagi setiap aksesi. Bentuk daun terbahagi kepada jejari atau bulat. Pigmentasi batang pula adalah hijau muda, hijau gelap atau hijau kemerahan dan ini boleh dibezakan antara aksesi. Abstract Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a herbaceous annual plant of the Malvaceae family, is one of the important source of raw materials for the traditional production of rope, sack, canvas and carpet. A total of 16 accessions were evaluated for growth performance including leaf shape, stem pigmentation, seed size (by volume) and the phenology of each accession. Leaf shape can be classified as palmate or cordate. Stem pigmentation is either light green, dark green or reddish green and it can be distinguished among all accessions. The tallest accessions were MK 13, MK 12, MK 23 and MK 22, while MK 19, MK 13, MK 04 and MK 28 showed the largest basal stem diameter. Accessions that gave high fibre and pulp yields such as MK 04, MK 12, MK 13, MK 19, MK 21, MK 22, MK 23, MK 25 and MK 28 were chosen for further testing on fibre and pulp production at multilocations

Grain quality performance and heritability estimation in selected F1 rice genotypes

A total of 17 rice genotypes consisted of 12 F1 progenies and five parental lines were evaluated for performance of grain qualities, yield and yield components and vegetative traits at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Research Station in Seberang Perai, Penang. Except grain length, all other grain quality characters, yield components and vegetative traits varied significantly among the genotypes. Among the studied characters, the highest heritability value was observed in plant height with 99.75% followed by panicle length having 96.90% and grain shape with 56.70% which could be successfully inherited to the next generations. The rest of the traits had low heritability values and ranged from 20.24 to 35.88%. This indicates that the characters are mainly influenced by environmental factors such as geographical effects and climate. However, in the quantitative traits such as grain qualities and yield components, they are usually difficult to inherit to the next generation due to low heritability values. The combinations of Q76 and MR84 had the highest in amylose content while Q76 and MRQ74 had the lowest. Several selected F1 indica rice genotypes from this evaluation are useful for future breeding programme and biotechnological research for the improvement of valuable grain quality traits

Multivariate analysis of GGE and AMMI biplot graph to investigate geno-type by environment interaction of rice hybrids at multiple locations in Malaysia

This study was conducted to investigate the genotype by environment (G×E) interaction of 20 rice hybrids tested in eight environments which include four locations and two different cropping seasons in Malaysia. The parameter was observed on yield per ha, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, and thousand-grain weight. Data analysis was used by ANOVA and stability measurement according to AMMI and GGE biplot graph.  The ANOVA indicated that all studied phenotypic showed significantly different in variance genotypes, season, location, location × season, genotype × season, genotype × location × season.  The most promising hybrids were G19, G3, G18, G13, G8, G7, and G14, resulting in a higher mean yield per ha.  The multivariate stability analysis defined those hybrids divided into three categories. The first category is hybrids with high mean yield and wide adaptability (G19, G18, G3 and G4), the second category is the hybrid exhibiting high mean yield and is suitable for a specific environment (G12) and lastly, a hybrid with low yield and high stability (G9, G11 and G1). Hybrids with high yield and stable performance could be further evaluated in large-scale planting for prior release for commercial

Genotype a environment interaction and stability analysis on physicochemical traits of Malaysian rice hybrid across the environments

In the development of new varieties, physicochemical properties such as grain quality, milling, and chemical content are important. Twenty rice hybrids were tested in various environments in this study. Using multivariate and univariate models, the major goal is to identify rice hybrids with acceptable physicochemical properties and high stability. According to the ANOVA, variance due to season×genotype×location revealed a significant difference in length to width ratio, head rice recovery, and amylose content. Milled grain length and width varied from 6.64 to 7.32 mm and 1.78 to 2.06 mm, respectively, throughout the environments. The head rice recovery and amylose content, on the other hand, varied from 84.83 to 94.68% and 16.51 to 22.21%, respectively. The stability analysis for head rice trait using genotype superiority, static stability, Wrickie ecovelance, Nassar and Huehn, AMMI stability value, and coefficient of variation stability analysis, revealed that hybrids G2, G13, G8, G16, G7, G9, G6, G17, and G18 were the most stable. For Amylose content, hybrids G7, G4, G19, G10, G5, G17, G3, G12 and G11 were significantly stable. Except for G5, all hybrids demonstrated stable performance in the multivariate stability analysis for head rice recovery. Similarly, hybrids G3, G4, G5, and G7 responded in minimum GE interaction in multivariate analysis for amylose content. This discovery can help breeders pick potential hybrids by identifying the physicochemical attribute expression that was examined in different conditions

Multivariate analysis of GGE and AMMI biplot graph to investigate geno-type by environment interaction of rice hybrids at multiple locations in Malaysia

This study was conducted to investigate the genotype by environment (G×E) interaction of 20 rice hybrids tested in eight environments which include four locations and two different cropping seasons in Malaysia. The parameter was observed on yield per ha, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, and thousand-grain weight. Data analysis was used by ANOVA and stability measurement according to AMMI and GGE biplot graph.  The ANOVA indicated that all studied phenotypic showed significantly different in variance genotypes, season, location, location × season, genotype × season, genotype × location × season.  The most promising hybrids were G19, G3, G18, G13, G8, G7, and G14, resulting in a higher mean yield per ha.  The multivariate stability analysis defined those hybrids divided into three categories. The first category is hybrids with high mean yield and wide adaptability (G19, G18, G3 and G4), the second category is the hybrid exhibiting high mean yield and is suitable for a specific environment (G12) and lastly, a hybrid with low yield and high stability (G9, G11 and G1). Hybrids with high yield and stable performance could be further evaluated in large-scale planting for prior release for commercial

Review of functional markers for improving cooking, eating and the nutritional qualities of rice

After yield, quality is one of the most important aspects of rice breeding. Preference for rice quality varies among cultures and regions; therefore, rice breeders have to tailor the quality according to the preferences of local consumers. Rice quality assessment requires routine chemical analysis procedures. The advancement of molecular marker technology has revolutionized the strategy in breeding programs. The availability of rice genome sequences and the use of forward and reverse genetics approaches facilitate gene discovery and the deciphering of gene functions. A well-characterized gene is the basis for the development of functional markers, which play an important role in plant genotyping and, in particular, marker-assisted breeding. In addition, functional markers offer advantages that counteract the limitations of random DNA markers. Some functional markers have been applied in marker-assisted breeding programs and have successfully improved rice quality to meet local consumers’ preferences. Although functional markers offer a plethora of advantages over random genetic markers, the development and application of functional markers should be conducted with care. The decreasing cost of sequencing will enable more functional markers for rice quality improvement to be developed, and application of these markers in rice quality breeding programs is highly anticipated