Feminist-Kaleckian Macroeconomic Policy for Developing Countries

This paper reviews evidence of the gender effects of globalization in developing economies. It then outlines a set of macroeconomic and trade policies to promote gender equity. The evidence suggests that while liberalization has expanded women's access to employment, the long-term goal of transforming gender inequalities remains unmet and appears unattainable without state intervention in markets. This paper sets forth some general principles that can produce greater gender equality, premised on shifting from economies that are profit led and export oriented to those that are wage led and full-employment oriented. The framework is Kaleckian in its focus on the relationship between the gender distribution of income and macroeconomic outcomes

New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America

This paper surveys gender and ethnic wage gaps in 18 Latin American countries, decomposing differences using matching comparisons as a non-parametric alternative to the Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) decomposition. It is found that men earn 9-27 percent more than women, with high cross-country heterogeneity. The unexplained pay gap is higher among older, informal and self-employed workers and those in small firms. Ethnic wage differences are greater than gender differences, and educational attainment differentials play an important role in explaining the gap. Higher ethnic wage gaps are found among males, singleincome generators of households and full-time workers, and in rural areas. An important share of the ethnic wage gap is due to the scarcity of minorities in highpaid positions

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures in the Context of the TPP Agreement

The Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a notorious example of the proliferation of so-called mega trade agreements. Its signatory parties include almost eight hundred million inhabitants and more than a third of the global Gross Domestic Product. In this context, the objective of this research is to analyze the role of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) provisions within the TPP regarding international food trade. Three major issues have been addressed: (i) recent trends and the current situation of food production and trade among TPP partners, (ii) TPP signatory countries participating in the WTO-SPS mechanisms (notifications, trade concerns and disputes) and (iii) analysis of the content of the SPS chapter of the TPP, principally considering the WTO-SPS Agreement