A Fuzzy-Based Histogram Analysis Technique for Skin Lesion Discrimination in Dermatology Clinical Images

A fuzzy logic-based color histogram analysis technique is presented for discriminating benign skin lesions from malignant melanomas in dermatology clinical images. The approach utilizes a fuzzy set for benign skin lesion color, and alpha-cut and support set cardinality for quantifying a fuzzy ratio skin lesion color feature. Skin lesion discrimination results are reported for the fuzzy ratio and fusion with a previously determined percent melanoma color feature over a data set of 258 clinical images. For the fusion technique, alpha-cuts for the fuzzy ratio can be chosen to recognize over 93.30% of melanomas with approximately 15.67% false positive lesions

From the European Medicines Agency to Project Orbis: new activities and challenges to facilitate UK Oncology Drug Approval following Brexit

The departure of the UK from the European Union (EU) and affiliated European regulatory bodies on the 31st December 2020, including the European Medicines Agency, (EMA), has resulted in the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) becoming an independent national regulator. This has required a fundamental transformation of the UK drug regulatory landscape, creating both opportunities and challenges for future oncology drug development. New UK pharmaceutical policy has sought to establish the UK as an attractive market for drug development and regulatory review, by offering expedited review pathways coupled to strong collaborative relations with other leading international medicines regulators, outside of Europe. Oncology is a key global therapy area for both drug development and regulatory approval, and the UK government has been keen to demonstrate regulatory innovation and international collaboration in the approval of new cancer medicines. In this review, we examine the new UK regulatory frameworks, policies, and global collaborations affecting new oncology drug approvals following departure from the EU. We explore some of the challenges which may lie ahead as the UK forges ahead with new and independent regulatory review and approval processes for the next generation of cancer medicines