The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report Volume 1: Physics, Technology & Strategies Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a world-class neutrino observatory and nucleon decay detector designed to answer fundamental questions about the nature of elemen tary particles and their role in the universe. The international DUNE experiment, hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermilab, will consist of a far detector to be located about 1.5 km underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota, USA, at a distance of 1300 km from Fermilab, and a near detector to be located at Fermilab in Illinois. The far detector will be a very large, modular liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) with a 40 kt (40 Gg) fiducial mass. This LAr technology will make it possible to reconstruct neutrino interactions with image-like precision and unprecedented resolution

Densitas dan Fekunditas Tabernaemontana Macrocarpa di Komunitas Pinus Merkusii, Hutan Lindung Mangunan, Bantul

Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack (Cembirit) is a tree species found in Mangunan Conservation Forest and hasn't been known yet when it appears firstly. Until this time, information about it's fecundity is still unknown. Pine litter containing allelopathic compound (monoterpen α-pinene and β-pinene) that is toxic to other species. The high density of it's seedling indicated that pines allelopathy didn't effect the Cembirit in Pines community. This research purposes to find out the density and fecundity of Cembirit in Pines community. Data collection had been conducted in December 2015 – February 2016 in Mangunan Conservation Forest, Bantul. Data collections were conducted 6 times in 10x10m2 permanent plots. The growth data were analysed using Relative Growth Rate (RGR) analysis. The Cembirit densities in Pines community are 10.420 ind Ha-1 (seedling), 460 ind Ha-1 (sapling), and 40 ind Ha-1 (tree). The Cembirit were categorized into 3 groups based on it's stem diameter were including 7,7-9,8 cm (group 1), 9,9-11,8 cm (group 2), and 11,9-13,8 cm (group 3). The Cembirit's RGR are, 0,00079 cm (group 1), 0,00069 cm (group 2), and 0,00055 cm (group 3), with their fecundity are 3,4%, 5,6% and 2,4%. The high density, RGR, and fecundity value of Cembirit, indicated it's invasiveness and potentialy become a strong competitor for Pines

Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Stad Dan Tgt Dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Dan Aspek Afektif Matematika Siswa Ditinjau Dari Kecerdasan Majemuk

The objectives of this research were to investigate: (1) whose learning achievement and affective aspect of Mathematics are better between the students with the cooperative learning model of the STAD type with contextual approach and those with the cooperative learning model of the TGT type with contextual approach; (2) whose learning achievement and affective aspect of Mathematics are better among the students with mathematical logical intelligence, visual intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence, and interpersonal intelligence; and (3) whether or not there is an interaction in each category of the cooperative learning models and the intelligence types on the learning achievement and affective aspect of Mathematics. This research used the quasi experimental research method. Its population was all of the students in Grade VII of State Junior Secondary Schools of Sukoharjo regency in Academic Year 2012/2013. The samples of the research consisted of 141 students, and they were taken by using the stratified cluster random sampling. The data of the research were gathered through test of learning achievement and questionnaire affective aspect. The proposed hypotheses of the research were tested by using a two-way MANOVA with unbalance cells at the significance level of 5%. The results of the research are as follows 1) The learning achievement in Mathematics of the students of the TGT with contextual approach is better than that STAD with contextual approach, but the affective aspect of Mathematics of the students with TGT with contextual approach is as good as that STAD with contextual approach; 2) The learning achievement in Mathematics of the students with the mathematical logical intelligence is as good as those of the students with the kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence but better than visual intelligence, the learning achievement in Mathematics of the students with the kinesthetic intelligence is better than interpersonal intelligence. The affective aspect of Mathematics of the students with the mathematical logical intelligence is as good as that of the students with the kinesthetic intelligence, but better than visual intelligence and interpersonal intelligence, and the affective aspect of Mathematics of the students with the visual intelligence is as good as that of the students with the interpersonal intelligence. 3) There is no any interaction of effect of the cooperative learning models and the multiple intelligences on the learning achievement in Mathematics and the affective aspect of Mathematics

Nutritional And Anti – Nutritional Composition Of Black – Plum (Vitex Doniana)

The search for more nutrition sources among forest products has called for the analysis of nutritional and  anti – nutritional composition of Vitex doniana.  Although, Vitex doniana had been  known to be very useful among people across tropical Africa and beyond, but there is lack of adequate data on its nutritional composition. The result of this study presented Vitex doniana as highly nutritious plant that contain moisture of about, 77.03%, ash content: 1.65%, fat: 2.9%, fibre: 2.75, protein: 8.10 and carbohydrate: 7.57. Vitex doniana contains vitamins, macro and micro – nutrient in different proportions. Among anti –nutritive factors found in Vitex doniana are: tannins, saponin, alkaloids and trace of cardiac glycoside, yet this can be controlled by boiling. It is concluded that the young leaf is highly rich in nutrients and contains the nutrient levels that fall within other popular edible vegetables. It is therefore recommended for human consumption in every household. It is also suggested that further research should be carried out on its economic status and feasibility of the seed as feed supplement in animal feed

Lung volume reduction surgery since the National Emphysema Treatment Trial: Study of Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database

ObjectivesThe National Emphysema Treatment Trial demonstrated that lung volume reduction surgery is an effective treatment for emphysema in select patients. With chronic lower respiratory disease being the third leading cause of death in the United States, this study sought to assess practice patterns and outcomes for lung volume reduction surgery on a national level since the National Emphysema Treatment Trial.MethodsAggregate statistics on lung volume reduction surgery reported in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database from January 2003 to June 2011 were analyzed to assess procedure volume, preoperative and operative characteristics, and outcomes. Comparisons with published data from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial were made using chi-square and 2-sided t tests.ResultsIn 8.5 years, 538 patients underwent lung volume reduction surgery, with 20 to 118 cases reported in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database per year. When compared with subjects in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial, subjects in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database were younger (P < .001), a larger proportion underwent the procedure thoracoscopically (P < .001), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 31% versus 28% of predicted (P < .001). When mortality was compared between subjects in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database and all subjects in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial randomized to surgery, there were no significant differences. However, mortality was 3% higher in subjects in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database when compared with the non–high-risk National Emphysema Treatment Trial subset (P = .005).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the importance of patient selection and the need to develop consensus on appropriate benchmarks for mortality rates after lung volume reduction surgery. It underscores the need for dedicated centers to increasingly address the heavy burden of chronic lower respiratory disease in the United States in a multidisciplinary fashion, particularly for preoperative evaluation and postoperative management of emphysema

Haptic-Based Shared-Control Methods for a Dual-Arm System

We propose novel haptic guidance methods for a dual-arm telerobotic manipulation system, which are able to deal with several different constraints, such as collisions, joint limits, and singularities. We combine the haptic guidance with shared-control algorithms for autonomous orientation control and collision avoidance meant to further simplify the execution of grasping tasks. The stability of the overall system in various control modalities is presented and analyzed via passivity arguments. In addition, a human subject study is carried out to assess the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control approaches both in simulated and real scenarios. Results show that the proposed haptic-enabled shared-control methods significantly improve the performance of grasping tasks with respect to the use of classic teleoperation with neither haptic guidance nor shared control

Group Dynamics of Zebra and Wildebeest in a Woodland Savanna: Effects of Predation Risk and Habitat Density

.Using generalized linear models, we examined the relative importance of habitat type (differing in vegetation density), probability of encountering lion (based on utilization distribution of all individual lions in the reserve), and season in predicting group size and composition. We found that only in open scrub habitat, group size for both ungulate species increased with the probability of encountering lion. Group composition differed between the two species and was driven by habitat selection as well as predation risk. For both species, composition of groups was, however, dominated by males in open scrub habitats, irrespective of the probability of encountering lion.Distribution patterns of wildebeest and zebra groups at the landscape level directly support the theoretical and empirical evidence from a range of taxa predicting that grouping is favored in open habitats and when predation risk is high. Group composition reflected species-specific social, physiological and foraging constraints, as well as the importance of predation risk. Avoidance of high resource open scrub habitat by females can lead to loss of foraging opportunities, which can be particularly costly in areas such as KGR, where this resource is limited. Thus, landscape-level grouping dynamics are species specific and particular to the composition of the group, arising from a tradeoff between maximizing resource selection and minimizing predation risk