Rozhovor s Igorem Tomešem o jeho činnosti v Mezinárodní organizaci práce

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Egalitarianism, Welfare Policies and the Legitimation of Political Regimes. The Case of the Czech Republic

Članak se bavi razvojem socijalnih politika u Češkoj tijekom 20. i na početku 21. stoljeća, s posebnim osvrtom na njihovu legitimizaciju. U dijelu literature se razmjerno snažne težnje prema egalitarizmu u suvremenom češkom društvu nakon 1989. godine objašnjavaju kao prežitak komunističkih stereotipa (tj. kao neka vrsta češke inačice ostalgije). Drugi autori to pokušavaju objasniti kroz prizmu povijesti, smatrajući da je riječ o prežitku protestantske tradicije u kolektivnom mentalnom zemljovidu. U radu se iznose argumenti protiv obaju navedenih objašnjenja. Težnje prema egalitarizmu u suvremenom češkom društvu nisu tek puka posljedica života u socijalističkoj diktaturi između 1945. i 1989. Nadalje, vrlo je teško pokazati uzročno-posljedičnu vezu između ranog modernog protestantizma i suvremenog mentalnog zemljovida društva. Stoga se u radu nudi novo objašnjenje dugotrajne veze koja se javila tijekom izgradnje moderne češke nacije između kolektivnog mentalnog zemljovida i strukture društva. Pokazuje se da je ta veza preduvjetom nastanka društvenog konsenzusa koji je temelj legitimizacije svake socijalne politike. Članak se temelji na historiografskim podacima i suvremenim empirijskim sociološkim istraživanjima.Economic and social rights have been effectively used for the legitimation of the political regime both by pluralist democracies and, in their own way, by fascist or communist movements during the 20th century. These rights provide a basis for a type of distributive justice in the modern society. Sociological studies have indicated relatively strong egalitarian tendencies in the Czech society during the post-communist transformation after 1989, which were not easy to explain. In this article we will argue that the explanation should not be sought only by putting forward the obvious argument of the persistence of communist stereotypes or some kind of Czech Ostalgie. Rather, we will try to demonstrate that such egalitarian tendencies could be rooted deeper in the collective experiences shaped by the confrontation with the world wars and the particularities of the formation of the modern Czech nation. We may formulate this statement even more radically. Egalitarian tendencies in the present-day Czech society are not merely a result of the fact that the country was under socialist dictatorship between 1945 and 1989. On the contrary. The birth of a socialist dictatorship after the Second World War made these egalitarian tendencies easier, however the tendencies themselves are historically older, and they formed a strong consensus for the need for social reform in the Czech society, enabling the Communist Party to monopolize power much more easily. This article is divided into three thematic sections. The first one traces the formation of a post-war consensus for reform, which was the basis for the rapid growth of social expenses on both sides of the Iron Curtain, as a result of industrial crises and conflicts following the Second World War. The second part elaborates on the specific issues arising in the implementation of social rights under the conditions of the socialist dictatorship, whereas the third and final part concentrates on the formation of public opinion among the Czech population related to guaranteeing social rights in a transition economy

The Communist Organization of Children and its Discourse in Czechoslovakia between Two Wars

The submitted study focuses on the issue of the discourse and practice of the children’s and young people’s movement, which was organizationally connected to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC). Through descriptions of the organizational base of this movement and an analysis of its discursive and social practices it strives to search for answers to the research questions on the share of the children’s organizations in the creation of the radically left-wing activist milieu around the CPC and the importance of indoctrination in order for it to work. Based on an analysis of the discourse of the children’s party press, flyers, etc., just like the breakdown of the everyday experience of the youngest activists, it uncovers the significance of institutions, such as the family, school, and not least the party in the real world of politically active children and their parents. The article is divided into three parts. The first part describes an organization that was able to capture only a fraction of the young population compared to its liberal nationalist (Sokol) or Christian (Orel) competitors, despite its considerable efforts. The second part presents an analysis of the discourse. It is organized around three themes: firstly, images of an antagonistic class society; secondly, categories that form class consciousness; thirdly, the depiction of competing images of reality as forms of false consciousness. The third part focuses on the practice of the children’s movement, in which discursive symbolic images of discourse were realized with varying degrees of success.Cette étude se concentre sur les discours et les pratiques du mouvement pour les enfants et les jeunes organisé par le parti communiste tchécoslovaque. À travers une description de l’activité organisationnelle de ce mouvement et une analyse de ses pratiques discursives et sociales, elle cherche à répondre aux questions autour de la place de l’idéologie dans la société et autour la part des organisations de jeunesse dans la constitution d’un milieu activiste d’extrême gauche. À partir d’une analyse des discours des tracts et de la presse du parti pour enfants, ainsi qu’une analyse des ruptures dans l’expérience quotidienne que représente pour ces jeunes activistes l’engagement du côté du parti communiste, elle interroge le rôle d’institutions comme la famille, l’école et le parti dans le monde concret de ces enfants et parents actifs en politique. L’article comprend trois parties. La première montre que l’organisation, malgré ses efforts considérables, n’a été capable d’attirer qu’une fraction des jeunes et qu’elle est restée loin derrière ses rivaux libéraux (Sokol) et chrétiens (Orel). La seconde présente une analyse des discours qui est organisée autour de trois thèmes : premièrement la représentation d’une société de classes antagonistes, deuxièmement les catégories qui doivent former la conscience de classe et troisièmement la création d’images au sujet de la fausse conscience. La troisième partie se concentre sur la pratique de l’encadrement des enfants, où le recours aux images rencontre divers succès

Střední cesta mezi extrémy: Igor Tomeš a jeho konceptualizace sociálního státu

Článek je založen na průřezu publikační tvorbou Igora Tomeše od šedesátých let do současnosti ve snaze odhalit kontinuity jeho nazírání na problematiku sociálního státu. Pozornost je dále zaměřena na jeho pozdní dílo, kde kategorii sociálního státu věnoval pozornost nejsoustavnější. Pro jeho pojetí je charakteristické, že odmítá redukci na ekonomické otázky a naopak povinnou solidaritu, jakožto podstatu sociálního státu, chápe jako důležitý civilizační aspekt, do značné míry nezávislý na politických ideologiích, ať již levicových nebo pravicových. Dalším charakteristickým rysem Tomešova přístupu je důraz na historický evolucionismus, kdy podobně, jako to činí ekonomičtí institucionalisté, považuje za nejdůležitější pro pochopení komplexu sociálních politik v jednotlivých zemích jejich historické kořeny a vývoj.162

The cost analysis of the railway transport

Bakalářská práce má za úkol představit možnost zavedení moderní dálkové železniční dopravy v podmínkách ČR, konkrétně na železniční trati Praha – Ostrava. Bude zaměřena jen do oblasti nákladové, náklady jsou totiž klíčovým faktorem ovlivňujícím cenu, která bude předložena zákazníkovi. Cena sice není jediný faktor ovlivňující rozhodování zákazníka o koupi produktu, je však jeho důležitou částí. První část práce pojednává o historii i současném stavu trati Praha – Ostrava a o podmínkách pro provozování dráhy a drážní dopravy v ČR. Druhá část představuje potřebnou teorii k nákladovým kalkulacím a některá specifika nákladů na železniční provoz. Poslední část bakalářské práce je vlastní nákladová analýza železniční osobní dopravy na trati Praha – Ostrava.Katedra dopravního managementu, marketingu a logistikyDokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Zemřel Igor Tomeš, vědec širokého rozhledu, vynikající učitel a mezinárodní expert :17. dubna 1931 v Brně - 23. března 2018 v Praze

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Changes of Czechoslovak Social Law in Years 1945 - 1956

Dissertation: Abstract Jakub Rákosník: Changes of Czechoslovak Social Law in Years 1945 - 1956 The postwar popular democratic regime in Czechoslovakia was based on a strong social consensus which provided opportunity for leading political parties to realize extensive economic and social reforms. It was not only the nationalization of the economy (this task, in the case of large enterprises controlling two thirds of the Czechoslovak labor force, had already been finished before the communist coup d'état in February 1948), but also generous reform of social insurance towards the universal welfare state protecting all citizens and not only those insured. This program was inspired on the one hand by the long domestic tradition of social policy and also by the new postwar British reform made by the program of William Beveridge on the other hand. The dissertation is concerned especially with the analysis of continuity of social law. The structure of the welfare state in particular countries is a considerably lasting matter of fact. Even though the governments of various ideological orientation permanently carry out partial reforms of individual fields of welfare policy, the general range of expenses and the system of relations in between particular branches of the welfare policy embody a great extent of..

Chadima, Jan: Rudolf Slánský

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Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Czech-German relations: Notes on an Old Topic

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