10,126 research outputs found
Popper's experiment, Copenhagen Interpretation and Nonlocality
A thought experiment, proposed by Karl Popper, which has been experimentally
realized recently, is critically examined. A basic flaw in Popper's argument
which has also been prevailing in subsequent debates, is pointed out. It is
shown that Popper's experiment can be understood easily within the Copenhagen
interpretation of quantum mechanics. An alternate experiment, based on discrete
variables, is proposed, which constitutes Popper's test in a clearer way. It
refutes the argument of absence of nonlocality in quantum mechanics.Comment: Thoroughly revised. To appear in Int. J. Quantum Informatio
Removing Barriers to Facilitate Efficient Water Markets in the Murray Darling Basin – A Case Study from Australia
Water markets have been seen as an effective way of addressing water scarcity and allocation issues. In this paper we discuss the role and characteristics of water markets in facilitating efficient water allocation. Administrative, regulatory and/or political barriers to effective functioning of water markets are reviewed with a focus on southern Murray-Darling Basin in Australia. A mathematical model is developed to estimate the costs of existing restrictions and the benefits from potential changes in the water markets (eg. removing barriers in temporary water market). The modelling results reveal that when expanding trade from intraregional only to interregional trade, mean annual net returns increased from 2,590 million (i.e. an increase of 2,590 million to 17 million). The exclusion of any state from the interstate water trading market imposes significant costs. If South Australia, New South Wales or Victoria withdraws from the market, it reduces net returns by 31 million and $63 million, respectively, from water trading. In conclusion, the policy implications on strategies to removing market barriers are outlined to facilitate efficient and effective water trading.market barrier, opportunity cost, temporary water market, efficient water market, Australia
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