A consistent description of kinetic equation with triangle anomaly

We provide a consistent description of the kinetic equation with triangle anomaly which is compatible with the entropy principle of the second law of thermodynamics and the charge/energy-momentum conservation equations. In general an anomalous source term is necessary to ensure that the equations for the charge and energy-momentum conservation are satisfied and that the correction terms of distribution functions are compatible to these equations. The constraining equations from the entropy principle are derived for the anomaly-induced leading order corrections to the particle distribution functions. The correction terms can be determined for minimum number of unknown coefficients in one charge and two charge cases by solving the constraining equations.Comment: RevTex 4, 11 pages; With minor changes: typos are corrected and one reference is added. Accepted version to PR

Lorentz transformation in Maxwell equations for slowly moving media

We use the method of field decomposition, a technique widely used in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, to study the small velocity approximation (SVA) of the Lorentz transformation in Maxwell equations for slowly moving media. The "deformed" Maxwell equations derived under the SVA in the lab frame can be put into the conventional form of Maxwell equations in the medium's comoving frame. Our results show that the Lorentz transformation in the SVA up to $O(v/c)$ ($v$ is the speed of the medium and $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum) is essential to derive these equations: the time and charge density must also change when transforming to a different frame even in the SVA, not just the position and current density as in the Galilean transformation. This marks the essential difference of the Lorentz transformation from the Galilean one. We show that the integral forms of Faraday and Ampere equations for slowly moving surfaces are consistent with Maxwell equations. We also present Faraday equation the covariant integral form in which the electromotive force can be defined as a Lorentz scalar independent of the observer's frame. No evidences exist to support an extension or modification of Maxwell equations.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables. Section VI is added about integral forms of Faraday and Ampere laws for moving surfaces. Part of Section IV and V are rewitte

Lepton pair photoproduction in peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We study the lepton pair photoproduction in peripheral heavy-ion collisions based on the formalism in our previous work [Phys. Rev. D 104, 056011 (2021)]. We present the numerical results for the distributions of the transverse momentum, azimuthal angle and invariant mass for $e^{+}e^{-}$ and $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ pairs as functions of the impact parameter and other kinematic variables in Au+Au collisions. Our calculation incorporates the information on the transverse momentum and polarization of photons which is essential to describe the experimental data. We observe a broadening effect in the transverse momentum for lepton pairs with and without smear effects. We also observe a significant enhancement in the distribution of $\cos(2\varphi)$ for $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ pairs. Our results provide a baseline for future studies of other higher order corrections beyond Born approximation and medium effects in the lepton pair production.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure