Efecto del color de trampa en la captura de Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en pimiento ( Capsicum annuum L.)

Experiments were conducted in order to determine color preference of thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) in sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.)crops in the localities of Cerrillos de Tamaya (30\ub0 S lat; 71\ub016' W long) and Pan de Az\ufacar (29\ub055' S lat; 71\ub014' W long), IV Region, Chile. Blue, white, white-blue, and yellow sticky traps were compared in a randomized complete block design experiment. Results showed that F. occidentalis was the predominant species in the pepper crop. In the blue, white-blue and white traps significantly more thrips were caught than in the yellow traps, when the number of captures was more than 300 thrips per week per trap. The results were erratic with lower numbers of captures.Se realizaron experimentos para determinar la preferencia de color de trips ( Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) en cultivos de pimiento ( Capsicum annuum L.), en las localidades de Cerrillos de Tamaya (30\ub0 lat. S.; 71\ub016' long. O) y Pan de Az\ufacar (29\ub055' lat. S; 71\ub014' long, O) de la IV Regi\uf3n de Chile. En dise\uf1o de bloques completos al azar, se compararon trampas de pegamento azul, blanco, blanco-azul y amarillo.Los resultados mostraron que F. occidentalis fue la especie predominante en el cultivo de pimiento. En la trampa de color azul, blanco-azul y blanco se capturaron significativamente m\ue1s trips que en las trampas amarillas, cuando las capturas fueron superiores a 300 trips semanales por trampa. Los resultados fueron err\ue1ticos con capturas inferiores

Isolation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and evaluation of their osteogenic potential

Las células madre mesenquimatosas de médula ósea humana (abreviadas hBMSCs) constituyen una fuente de células auto-renovables con alto potencial de diferenciación, comúnmente aisladas a partir de los aspirados medulares en huesos largos. Su diferenciación hacia el linaje osteogénico, por ejemplo, ha sido ampliamente utilizada para la evaluación biológica de biomateriales o matrices con aplicaciones en la ingeniería de tejidos óseos. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en aislar hBMSCs a partir de la cabeza femoral de pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera, así como evaluar su potencial osteogénico. Brevemente, se extrajo el hueso esponjoso y se disgregó mecánicamente; las células desprendidas se cultivaron y las células no adherentes se eliminaron luego de 4 días. El potencial osteogénico se evaluó en la quinta generación de cultivo, mediante ensayos de diferenciación a 14 y 20 días donde se compararon cultivos con y sin suplementos osteogénicos. La evaluación se realizó mediante tinción con Alizarina Roja y la cuantificación de los niveles de expresión génica de los marcadores osteogénicos colágeno tipo I, osteonectinca y sialoprotiena ósea mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real. Las hBMSCs obtenidas presentaron un fenotipo no-diferenciado estable, así como la capacidad de mineralizar la matriz extracelular y expresar un fenotipo similar al osteoblasto durante la inducción osteogénica. Los tres marcadores evaluados se sobre-expresaron en los cultivos en condiciones osteogénicas, y se encontró que cambios hasta de 2X en sus niveles de expresión son relevantes para el desarrollo del proceso de diferenciación. El modelo de hBMSCS presentado podría ser utilizado para la evaluación in vitro de la osteoinductividad de diferentes biomateriales, moléculas bioactivas o matrices para ingeniería de tejidos.Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) comprise a cell population capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation commonly isolated from bone marrow aspirates of large bones. Their osteogenic potential has been extensively exploited for the biological evaluation of scaffolds or biomaterials with applications in bone tissue engineering. This work aimed to isolate hBMSCs from femoral heads of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and to evaluate their osteogenic potential. Briefly, the trabecular bone was extracted and mechanically disaggregated; the released cells were cultured and non-adherent cells were removed after 4 days. The osteogenic potential was evaluated at the fifth passage after 14 and 20 days of induction, comparing cultures with and without osteogenic supplements, via Alizarin red staining and the quantification of the gene expression levels of the osteogenic markers collagen type I, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein through real-time RT-PCR. The obtained hBMSCs presented a stable undifferentiated phenotype after prolonged cell culture, matrix mineralization capabilities and expression of osteoblast phenotype upon osteogenic induction. The three markers were up-regulated in cultures under osteogenic conditions and 2 fold differences in their expression levels were found to be significant for the onset of the differentiation process. The obtained hBMSCs may have applications on the in vitro evaluation of the osteoinductivity of different biomaterials, bioactive molecules or tissue engineering scaffolds

Caracterización de la macrofauna edáfica en diferentes sistemas agroforestales, en el Municipio de San Ramón, Departamento de Matagalpa, Nicaragua

El presente estudio de focalizo en caracterizar la macrofauna edáfica en tres diferentes sistemas agroforestales: CMIEA: Café, musáceas, Inga, Erithryna y árboles, CIE: Café, Inga, Erithryna y árboles y CA: Café y árboles en época seca y época lluviosa. Cada sistema tenía 900m2, presentaban aproximadamente 6 especies arbóreas por sistema. Se tomaron 32 monolitos por época, y este se dividió en cuatros estratos (hojarasca, 0 a 10cm, 10 a 20cm y 20 a 30cm) con el método recomendado por el Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme. La macrofauna se conservó en alcohol al 70%, exceptuando las lombrices que fueron preservadas con formalina al 4% y se trasladaron al Laboratorio de Entomología del Departamento de Agroecología de la UNAN-León para su respectiva edificación. Los resultados demuestran que los valores mayores de la abundancia se presentaron en la época lluviosa (391 individuos) y en la época seca (324 individuos). La mayor abundancia se encontró en el sistema CMIEA (162 individuos) en la época lluviosa y mínima en el sistema CA (91 individuos) en la época seca. El índice de diversidad de Shannon fue más alto en el sistema CA (2.73) en la época seca y mínimo en el sistema CIE (1.44). Los arreglos de los sistemas agroforestales no influyen en la abundancia de la macrofauna, sin embargo, favorece la presencia de especie de Philoscidae y lombrices de suelos orden Haplotaxid

Excision of an Unstable Pathogenicity Island in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Is Induced during Infection of Phagocytic Cells

The availability of the complete genome sequence of several Salmonella enterica serovars has revealed the presence of unstable genetic elements in these bacteria, such as pathogenicity islands and prophages. This is the case of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans and systemic infection in mice. The whole genome sequence analysis for S. Enteritidis unveiled the presence of several genetic regions that are absent in other Salmonella serovars. These regions have been denominated “regions of difference” (ROD). In this study we show that ROD21, one of such regions, behaves as an unstable pathogenicity island. We observed that ROD21 undergoes spontaneous excision by two independent recombination events, either under laboratory growth conditions or during infection of murine cells. Importantly, we also found that one type of excision occurred at higher rates when S. Enteritidis was residing inside murine phagocytic cells. These data suggest that ROD21 is an unstable pathogenicity island, whose frequency of excision depends on the environmental conditions found inside phagocytic cells

ABEJAS DE LAS ORQUÍDEAS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE: EUGLOSSINI) DEL PARQUE NACIONAL DARIÉN, PANAMÁ

In the Neotropics, orchid beeshabit from sea level to more than 2000 m, and play an important role as pollinators of orchids and other plants. To know the diversity of these bees in this area of the country. The populations of bees from the orchids of Darién National Park in Panama were studied for five consecutive years (2013-2017), carrying out collections with chemical attractants. Results: It was found throughout the study that these populations decreased in terms of abundance and species richness. The variations found could be dueto environmental factors and the disposition of resources that these bees use. It is suggested to carry out more studies to better understand this panorama.Propias del Neotrópico,las abejas de las orquídeashabitan desde el nivel del mar hasta más de los 2000 m, y desempeñan un importante papel como polinizadoras de orquídeas y de otras plantas.El estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la diversidad de estas abejas en dicha zona del país. Se realizó un estudiodurantecinco años consecutivos,de 2013a2017,sobre las poblaciones de abejas de las orquídeas del Parque Nacional Darién en Panamá, realizando colectas con atrayentes químicos. A consecuencia, se encontró que dichas poblaciones disminuyeron en cuanto asuabundancia y la riqueza de especies. Por lasvariaciones encontradas se podría presumir que puededeberse a factores ambientales y la disposición de recursosutilizados por las abejas. Se sugiere realizar más estudios para la mejor comprensión deesta panorámica

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

NFAT5 Is Activated by Hypoxia: Role in Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Rat Kidney

The current hypothesis postulates that NFAT5 activation in the kidney's inner medulla is due to hypertonicity, resulting in cell protection. Additionally, the renal medulla is hypoxic (10–18 mmHg); however there is no information about the effect of hypoxia on NFAT5. Using in vivo and in vitro models, we evaluated the effect of reducing the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) on NFAT5 activity. We found that 1) Anoxia increased NFAT5 expression and nuclear translocation in primary cultures of IMCD cells from rat kidney. 2) Anoxia increased transcriptional activity and nuclear translocation of NFAT5 in HEK293 cells. 3) The dose-response curve demonstrated that HIF-1α peaked at 2.5% and NFAT5 at 1% of O2. 4) At 2.5% of O2, the time-course curve of hypoxia demonstrated earlier induction of HIF-1α gene expression than NFAT5. 5) siRNA knockdown of NFAT5 increased the hypoxia-induced cell death. 6) siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α did not affect the NFAT5 induction by hypoxia. Additionally, HIF-1α was still induced by hypoxia even when NFAT5 was knocked down. 7) NFAT5 and HIF-1α expression were increased in kidney (cortex and medulla) from rats subjected to an experimental model of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). 7) Experimental I/R increased the NFAT5-target gene aldose reductase (AR). 8) NFAT5 activators (ATM and PI3K) were induced in vitro (HEK293 cells) and in vivo (I/R kidneys) with the same timing of NFAT5. 8) Wortmannin, which inhibits ATM and PI3K, reduces hypoxia-induced NFAT5 transcriptional activation in HEK293 cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that NFAT5 is induced by hypoxia and could be a protective factor against ischemic damage

Vitrectomy with complete posterior hyaloid removal for ischemic central retinal vein occlusion: Series of cases

BACKGROUND: Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a common retinal vascular disorder with potentially complications: (1) persistent macular edema and (2) neovascular glaucoma. No safe treatment exists that promotes the return of lost vision. Eyes with CRVO may be predisposed to vitreous degeneration. It has been suggested that if the vitreous remains attached to the macula owing to a firm vitreomacular adhesion, the resultant vitreous traction can cause inflammation with retinal capillary dilation, leakage and subsequent edema6. The roll of vitrectomy in ischemic CRVO surgical procedures has not been evaluated. CASE PRESENTATION: This is a non comparative, prospective, longitudinal, experimental and descriptive series of cases. Ten eyes with ischemic CRVO. Vitrectomy with complete posterior hyaloid removal was performed. VA, rubeosis, intraocular pressure (IOP), and macular edema were evaluated clinically. Multifocal ERG (m-ERG), fluorescein angiography (FAG) and optic coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. Follow-up was at least 6 months. Moderate improvement of visual acuity was observed in 60% eyes and stabilized in 40%. IOP changed from 15.7 ± 3.05 mmHg to 14.9 ± 2.69 mmHg post-operative and macular edema from 976 ± 196 μm to 640 ± 191 μm to six month. The P1 wave amplitude changed from 25.46 ± 12.4 mV to 20.54 ± 11.2 mV. CONCLUSION: A solo PPV with posterior hyaloid removal may help to improve anatomic and functional retina conditions in some cases. These results should be considered when analyzing other surgical maneuvers