Strategy for better performance in spontaneous building

The contribution presents the results of a research work which addresses the vast theme of urban regeneration of settlements characterized by social and economic marginalization, degraded housing, environmental and technological inadequacy and shortages of services. The territorial context is that of the peripheral marginal areas of the city of Sogamoso in the Boyacà district of Colombia. This research work aims at the development of procedural and design strategies capable of regenerating spontaneous settlements and, in particular, the implementation and realization of solutions identified for improving performance and safety of existing residential buildings relating to forty study cases

Technological design and participatory process for the retrofitting of informal settlements in Colombia

The contribution presents the results of a three-year research about the regeneration of spontaneous settlements in conditions of social, economic, environmental and technological inadequacy. The research develops within an agreement between the Department of Architecture of the Roma Tre University (Italy) and the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism of the University of Boyacá in Sogamoso (Colombia). The research was aimed at developing procedural strategies and design solutions capable of regenerating spontaneous settlements. With this aim, a system of solutions for informal and degraded housing has been designed for a total of forty case studies in the urban marginal areas of Sogamoso in Colombia. The strategies adopted contributed to reducing the perception of housing insecurity by increasing the cohesion of the community. The results show the multidisciplinary character and the trans-scalar nature of the research, for favoring integration, for operating on technological reconfiguration, and for involving the local community

Strategy for better performance in spontaneous building

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">The contribution presents the results of a research work which addresses the vast theme of urban regeneration of settlements characterized by social and economic marginalization, degraded housing, environmental and technological inadequacy and shortages of services. The territorial context is that of the peripheral marginal areas of the city of Sogamoso in the Boyacà district of Colombia. This research work aims at the development of procedural and design strategies capable of regenerating spontaneous settlements and, in particular, the implementation and realization of solutions identified for improving performance and safety of existing residential buildings relating to forty study cases.</span></p

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically