Network Competition and Network Regulation

The competitive structure of the telecommunication sector is changing all over the world. Competition is being introduced in the long-distance segments while the local markets remain in general under the control of a (group of) regulated monopolies. This paper tries to find the optimal regulation in the monopoly sector and the optimal access price, taking into account the effects of the competition between networks, any access price plays a role in that it allows the regulator to indirectly control prices in the unregulated segment. We show that, there is no loss of generality in making the access pcices for originating or terminating a call equal. Moreover, under complete information, if networks are poor substitutes, the optimal access price is lower than the marginal cost of access. Under asymmetric information, two effects work in opposite directions. On the one hand, access price is reduced with respect to marginal cost to induce a reduction in final price. On the other hand, access price is increased with respect to marginal cost to give incentives to reveal information.telecommunication sector; regulated monopolies

Trade balance constraints and optimal regulation

In this paper we develop a model to understand the interactions between optimal regulation and external credit constraints. If a big proportion of the regulated sector is owned by foreign investors, a credit-constrained country who wants to send profits abroad has to generate enough surplus in the trade account in order to compensate capital outflows. This may be a real problem in developing countries, in which regulated sectors are big and foreign ownership is very important. We show that the credit constraint translates into a constraint of maximum profits for the regulated firm. As a consequence, overall efficiency in the regulated sector is reduced to maintain incentive compatibility. With a flexible exchange rate, devaluation is an additional instrument to relax the credit constraint, but the country is not in general willing to relax it completely. Efficiency is higher than with a fixed exchange rate, but it’s still lower than without credit constraints.Optimal regulation; Credit constraint; Trade

Monopoly Intermediary and Information Transmission

In this paper we extend Lizzeri’s simple model of information transmission through certification intermediaries. A seller with no means to signal his quality has the possibility to be certified by an institution that owns a technology to discover the true quality and can credibly commit to a disclosure rule. We study the incentives of this institution to disclose information to the buyers. When buyers are risk neutral, the intermediary cannot help to increase the total surplus and, therefore, there is no disclosure of information at equilibrium. Moreover, there always exists an equilibrium with no revelation of information. However, with an unrestricted space of contracts, self selection of sellers indirectly transmits some information. On the other hand, when buyers are risk averse, the intermediary can increase total surplus by inducing better risk sharing. We show that the equilibrium is to offer a menu of contracts where information will be fully disclosed for all types above a certain threshold and no announcement is made for the others.Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Monopoly Intermediary and Information Transmission

In this paper we extend Lizzeri’s simple model of information transmission through certification intermediaries. A seller with no means to signal his quality has the possibility to be certified by an institution that owns a technology to discover the true quality and can credibly commit to a disclosure rule. We study the incentives of this institution to disclose information to the buyers. When buyers are risk neutral, the intermediary cannot help to increase the total surplus and, therefore, there is no disclosure of information at equilibrium. Moreover, there always exists an equilibrium with no revelation of information. However, with an unrestricted space of contracts, self selection of sellers indirectly transmits some information. On the other hand, when buyers are risk averse, the intermediary can increase total surplus by inducing better risk sharing. We show that the equilibrium is to offer a menu of contracts where information will be fully disclosed for all types above a certain threshold and no announcement is made for the others.Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Micromagnetism in (001) magnetite by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy

Spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy was used to image a magnetite crystal with (100) surface orientation. Sets of spin-dependent images of magnetic domain patterns observed in this surface were used to map the direction of the magnetization vector with high spatial and angular resolution. We find that domains are magnetized along the surface [110] directions, and domain wall structures include 90{\deg} and 180{\deg} walls. A type of unusually curved domain walls are interpreted as N\'eel-capped surface terminations of 180{\deg} Bloch walls.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. Presented at the LEEM-PEEM 8 conferenc

Biocomercio en Ecuador

Biocomercio es una herramienta de protección, conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad, implementada mediante programas y proyectos, que promueven el comercio sostenible de bienes y servicios de la biodiversidad. El propósito de esta tesis es conocer la situación histórica, actual y las perspectivas del biocomercio en Ecuador. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de los programas y proyectos aplicados en el país, que generaron importantes resultados a nivel general, en términos de política principalmente y a nivel específico en cada una de las iniciativas o proyectos piloto. La tesis hace una revisión teórica sobre el desarrollo sostenible, la economía verde, la valoración económica de la biodiversidad, etc., se revisa el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica que es la base de la iniciativa de biocomercio. A su vez, se revisó varios casos de éxito último programa de Biocomercio, denominado Programa de Biocomercio Andino, que fue ejecutado en Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. Finalmente, se concluye que, el biocomercio tiene potencial para consolidarse en una estrategia de desarrollo sostenible en el país, a pesar de su mínimo impacto macroeconómico, con la aplicación de las lecciones aprendidas del Programa de Biocomercio Andino y con la aplicación de los ejes estratégicos determinados

Monopoly Intermediary and Information Transmission

In this paper we extend Lizzeri’s simple model of information transmission through certification intermediaries. A seller with no means to signal his quality has the possibility to be certified by an institution that owns a technology to discover the true quality and can credibly commit to a disclosure rule. We study the incentives of this institution to disclose information to the buyers. When buyers are risk neutral, the intermediary cannot help to increase the total surplus and, therefore, there is no disclosure of information at equilibrium. Moreover, there always exists an equilibrium with no revelation of information. However, with an unrestricted space of contracts, self selection of sellers indirectly transmits some information. On the other hand, when buyers are risk averse, the intermediary can increase total surplus by inducing better risk sharing. We show that the equilibrium is to offer a menu of contracts where information will be fully disclosed for all types above a certain threshold and no announcement is made for the others.Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Agencia de eventos Perenne

Treball Final de Grau en Publicitat i Relacions Públiques. Codi: PU0932. Curs acadèmic: 2020/2021El siguiente trabajo de final de grado corresponde con un proyecto de la modalidad B, cuyo objetivo principal es la creación de una empresa de comunicación. La idea de negocio surge tras investigar el sector de los eventos en la Comunidad Valenciana y observar que estamos ante un nicho de mercado latente y rentable, del cual podemos a partir de la aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos a lo largo del grado de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas llevar a cabo un proyecto empresarial que resulte novedoso y eficaz y nos permita adquirir un lugar de referencia en el mercado autonómico. Esta empresa surge a partir del análisis de una necesidad creciente, basada en el aumento de la preocupación por el cuidado medioambiental y sus consecuencias, además de la gran necesidad actual de digitalización y tecnificación de determinados servicios, que permite ofrecer un valor diferencial. Para la creación de este nuevo proyecto también se ha planteado una estrategia de comunicación y una de marketing que sirven como base y guía para impulsar la empresa en el ámbito en el cual va a operar. Dicho plan de comunicación contempla todos los aspectos que conciernen a la estrategia comunicativa de Perenne, desde la identidad visual hasta la campaña inicial que se llevará a cabo. El plan de marketing incorpora de manera detallada todas las ramas que componen el conocido marketing mix. En conclusión, este proyecto consiste en la creación de una nueva empresa, detallando y comentando cada uno de los aspectos que son necesarios conocer para lograr un proyecto exitoso. Así como la elaboración de un plan de comunicación y marketing y un estudio sobre la posible viabilidad económica y financiera de la empresa, para lograr crear una organización lo más real posible y totalmente adecuada al contexto actual

Resonant behaviour of the barrier of YBa2Cu3O7 grain boundary Josephson junctions fabricated on bicrystalline substrates with different geometries

We have analyzed a resonant behavior in the dielectric constant associated to the barrier of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) grain boundary Josephson junctions (GBJJs) fabricated on a wide variety of bicrystalline substrates: 12° [0 0 1] tilt asymmetric, 24° [0 0 1] tilt asymmetric, 24° [0 0 1] tilt symmetric, 24° [1 0 0] tilt asymmetric, 45° [1 0 0] tilt asymmetric and 24° [0 0 1] tilt symmetric +45° [1 0 0] tilt asymmetric bicrystals. The resonance analysis allows us to estimate a more appropriate value of the relative dielectric constant, and so a more adequate value for the length L of the normal N region assuming a SNINS model for the barrier. In this work, the L dependence on the critical current density Jc has been investigated. This analysis makes possible a single representation for all the substrate geometries independently on around which axes the rotation is produced to generate the grain boundary. On the other hand, no clear evidences exist on the origin of the resonance. The resonance frequency is in the order of 1011 Hz, pointing to a phonon dynamic influence on the resonance mechanism. Besides, its position is affected by the oxygen content of the barrier: a shift at low frequencies is observed when the misorientation angle increases