Analyzing the Demand for Reproductive Health Services in Ghana

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) does not only involve the reproductive years but emphasizes the need for a life-cycle approach to health. Attainment of SRH depends vitally on the protection of reproductive rights; a set of long-standing accepted norms found in various countries and internationally agreed human rights instruments. The purpose of this report is to elaborate some of the elements of SRH, and recommend actions to improve SRH in WA municipality of the Upper West Region of Ghana. To ensure that greater demand for RHSs is generated towards creating a healthier nation.SRH comprised of disparate elements including safe motherhood, family planning, child health, harmful traditional practices, women empowerment, elimination of gender-based violence, etc. From the study, it was revealed that prenatal and postnatal care services are used more than the other Reproductive Health Service (RHS), this draws from the fact that most of the RHS and products identified in the municipality are peculiar to women. The Random Utility Model helped in analyzing this decision.It was also evident that the higher the level of education attained by the people in Wa municipality, the greater the usage of RHS and products. This report necessarily builds on and reinforces the analyses and recommendations made on the demand for SRH. Keywords: Reproductive Health Product(RHS), Sexual and Reproductive Health(SRH), Ghana Health services (GHS), Wa Municipa

Comparing Public Transportation Services for Rural States in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains Region

The objective of this research is to compare the level of public transportation services provided in North Dakota to those of surrounding states. The study focuses on North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska (excluding the Omaha metro area), and Minnesota (excluding the Twin Cities metro area). This involves an analysis of the level of service provided, measured in terms of geographic coverage, service availability, number of vehicles in use, and vehicle hours and miles of service; the amount of service consumed, measured in terms of ridership; the level of investment from different sources; and measures that evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of service. The analysis also considers the varying levels of need throughout the region. The scope of the project includes all rural transit agencies receiving Section 5311 funding and small urban systems receiving Section 5307 funds. Overall, North Dakota performs well by some measures and not as well by others, but the level of service in the state is generally comparable to what is found in surrounding states. Statewide averages show how the states compare to each other, but there are significant variations within states regarding the level of service provided, for both rural and urban transit

Comparing Public Transportation Services for Rural States in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains Region \u2014 Executive Summary [Surcom Research Summary]

This study compares the level of public transportation services provided in North Dakota to those of the surrounding states of South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Greater Minnesota. Separate analyses are performed for rural and urban transit. Overall, North Dakota performs well by some measures and not as well by others, but the level of service in the state is generally comparable to what is found in surrounding states. Statewide averages show how the states compare to each other, but there are significant variations within states regarding the level of service provided, for both rural and urban transit

A diverse spectrum of mycoses histologically diagnosed in Ghana:Insights from a 10-year retrospective study

In Ghana, most laboratory diagnoses of severe mycoses are based on histopathology findings due to inadequate availability of serology, culture, and molecular tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of mycoses diagnosed in Ghana. We retrospectively reviewed reports from 2012 to 2021 from three major pathology laboratories in Ghana to identify reports indicating the presence of fungal elements and diagnosis of a mycosis, then extracted demographic, clinical history, site of infection, stain(s), used and diagnosed mycosis details. Over the 10-year period, 107 cases were found. No apparent increasing and decreasing trend in the number of cases per year or in a period was observed. The age range of affected patients was from 4 to 86 years. Special stains for fungi were only used in 22 of 107 (20.6%) of cases. The most frequently affected site was the sino-nasal area (34%). Mycosis type was determined for 58 (54.2%) cases, comprising aspergillosis (21), candidiasis (14), dermatophytosis (6), mucormycosis (3), two cases each of chromoblastomycosis, histoplasmosis, eumycetoma, entomophthoromycosis, sporotrichosis, and Malassezia infection and a single case each of cryptococcosis and deep onychomycosis. Of the 53 (49.5%) cases with presumptive diagnosis data, only seven (13.2%) had a pre-biopsy suspicion of mycosis. There is a wide spectrum of mycoses in Ghana, including endemic mycoses not previously reported. Improving the use of special fungal stains could increase yield and mycoses identification. Laboratory diagnostic capacity needs enhancement to complement histopathology investigations with serology, culture, and molecular methods.</p