The mesmiRizing complexity of microRNAs for striated muscle tissue engineering

microRNAs (miRs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs, able to post-transcriptionally regulate many genes and exert pleiotropic effects. Alteration of miR levels in tissues and in the circulation has been associated with various pathological and regenerative conditions. In this regard, tissue engineering of cardiac and skeletal muscles is a fascinating context for harnessing the complexity of miR-based circuitries and signals. In this review, we will focus on miR-driven regulation of cardiac and skeletal myogenic routes in homeostatic and challenging states. Furthermore, we will survey the intriguing perspective of exosomal and circulating miRs as novel paracrine players, potentially useful for current and future approaches of regenerative medicine for the striated muscles. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: The mesmiRizing complexity of microRNAs for striated muscle tissue engineering journaltitle: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.011 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. ispartof: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews vol:88 pages:37-52 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: publishe

Myomir dysregulation and reactive oxygen species in aged human satellite cells

Satellite cells that reside on the myofibre surface are crucial for the muscle homeostasis and regeneration. Aging goes along with a less effective regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue mainly due to the decreased myogenic capability of satellite cells. This phenomenon impedes proper maintenance and contributes to the age-associated decline in muscle mass, known as sarcopenia. The myogenic potential impairment does not depend on a reduced myogenic cell number, but mainly on their difficulty to complete a differentiation program. The unbalanced production of reactive oxygen species in elderly people could be responsible for skeletal muscle impairments. microRNAs are conserved post-transcriptional regulators implicated in numerous biological processes including adult myogenesis. Here, we measure the ROS level and analyze myomiR (miR-1, miR-133b and miR-206) expression in human myogenic precursors obtained from Vastus lateralis of elderly and young subjects to provide the molecular signature responsible for the differentiation impairment of elderly activated satellite cells. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Myomir dysregulation and reactive oxygen species in aged human satellite cells journaltitle: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.030 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. ispartof: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications vol:473 issue:2 pages:462-70 ispartof: location:United States status: publishe

Myomir dysregulation and reactive oxygen species in aged human satellite cells

AbstractSatellite cells that reside on the myofibre surface are crucial for the muscle homeostasis and regeneration. Aging goes along with a less effective regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue mainly due to the decreased myogenic capability of satellite cells. This phenomenon impedes proper maintenance and contributes to the age-associated decline in muscle mass, known as sarcopenia. The myogenic potential impairment does not depend on a reduced myogenic cell number, but mainly on their difficulty to complete a differentiation program. The unbalanced production of reactive oxygen species in elderly people could be responsible for skeletal muscle impairments. microRNAs are conserved post-transcriptional regulators implicated in numerous biological processes including adult myogenesis. Here, we measure the ROS level and analyze myomiR (miR-1, miR-133b and miR-206) expression in human myogenic precursors obtained from Vastus lateralis of elderly and young subjects to provide the molecular signature responsible for the differentiation impairment of elderly activated satellite cells

Cell therapy strategies and improvements for muscular dystrophy

Understanding stem cell commitment and differentiation is a critical step towards clinical translation of cell therapies. In past few years, several cell types have been characterized and transplanted in animal models for different diseased tissues, eligible for a cell-mediated regeneration. Skeletal muscle damage is a challenge for cell- and gene-based therapeutical approaches, given the unique architecture of the tissue and the clinical relevance of acute damages or dystrophies. In this review, we will consider the regenerative potential of embryonic and somatic stem cells and the outcomes achieved on their transplantation into animal models for muscular dystrophy or acute muscle impairment

Perencanaan Struktur Apartemen 7 Lantai Ditambah 1 Semi Basement di Sukoharjo Menggunakan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Menengah (SRPMM)

Sukoharjo is an area that is clean up especially in the field of economy, infrastructure, tourism and so forth. So people will tend to take economic or investment actions, resulting in an increase in population in the Sukoharjo region. Therefore, it will be planned an apartment with medium moment framework for bearer system (SRPMM) that is in line with the latest SNI , namely SNI 2847: 2013, SNI 1727: 2013, SNI 1726: 2012 and SNI 1729: 2002. At the location of the plan obtained classification of land sites that have the value of SD1 and SDS of 0.37 and 0.599. Portal modeling in this planning using 3D portal with the help of SAP 2000 software to know the inner forces that occur. The quality required for this scheme uses f'c = 25 MPa, f y = 390 MPa, f yt = 240MPa and for roof frames using BJ 41. In the structural design results, the design uses 300/550 master beams and 480/480 columns, with thickness of floor plate 12 cm and roof plate 10 cm. As for the lower structure, foundation driven piles used is the number of driven of 4 pile for the foundation

Guide cells support muscle regeneration and affect neuro-muscular junction organization

Muscular regeneration is a complex biological process that occurs during acute injury and chronic degeneration, implicating several cell types. One of the earliest events of muscle regeneration is the inflammatory response, followed by the activation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. However, the process of novel neuromuscular junction formation during muscle regeneration is still largely unexplored. Here, we identify by single-cell RNA sequencing and isolate a subset of vessel-associated cells able to improve myogenic differentiation. We termed them 'guide' cells because of their remarkable ability to improve myogenesis without fusing with the newly formed fibers. In vitro, these cells showed a marked mobility and ability to contact the forming myotubes. We found that these cells are characterized by CD44 and CD34 surface markers and the expression of Ng2 and Ncam2. In addition, in a murine model of acute muscle injury and regeneration, injection of guide cells correlated with increased numbers of newly formed neuromuscular junctions. Thus, we propose that guide cells modulate de novo generation of neuromuscular junctions in regenerating myofibers. Further studies are necessary to investigate the origin of those cells and the extent to which they are required for terminal specification of regenerating myofibers

Long-term miR-669a therapy alleviates chronic dilated cardiomyopathy in dystrophic mice.

BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in muscular dystrophy (MD) patients. Current pharmacological treatments are not yet able to counteract chronic myocardial wastage, thus novel therapies are being intensely explored. MicroRNAs have been implicated as fine regulators of cardiomyopathic progression. Previously, miR-669a downregulation has been linked to the severe DCM progression displayed by Sgcb-null dystrophic mice. However, the impact of long-term overexpression of miR-669a on muscle structure and functionality of the dystrophic heart is yet unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that intraventricular delivery of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors induces long-term (18 months) miR-669a overexpression and improves survival of Sgcb-null mice. Treated hearts display significant decrease in hypertrophic remodeling, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, miR-669a treatment increases sarcomere organization, reduces ventricular atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, and ameliorates gene/miRNA profile of DCM markers. Furthermore, long-term miR-669a overexpression significantly reduces adverse remodeling and enhances systolic fractional shortening of the left ventricle in treated dystrophic mice, without significant detrimental consequences on skeletal muscle wastage. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide the first evidence of long-term beneficial impact of AAV-mediated miRNA therapy in a transgenic model of severe, chronic MD-associated DCM

Healthy, mtDNA-mutation free mesoangioblasts from mtDNA patients qualify for autologous therapy

BACKGROUND: Myopathy and exercise intolerance are prominent clinical features in carriers of a point-mutation or large-scale deletion in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In the majority of patients, the mtDNA mutation is heteroplasmic with varying mutation loads between tissues of an individual. Exercise-induced muscle regeneration has been shown to be beneficial in some mtDNA mutation carriers, but is often not feasible for this patient group. In this study, we performed in vitro analysis of mesoangioblasts from mtDNA mutation carriers to assess their potential to be used as source for autologous myogenic cell therapy. METHODS: We assessed the heteroplasmy level of patient-derived mesoangioblasts, isolated from skeletal muscle of multiple carriers of different mtDNA point-mutations (n = 25). Mesoangioblast cultures with < 10% mtDNA mutation were further analyzed with respect to immunophenotype, proliferation capacity, in vitro myogenic differentiation potential, mitochondrial function, and mtDNA quantity. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that mesoangioblasts in half of the patients contained no or a very low mutation load (< 10%), despite a much higher mutation load in their skeletal muscle. Moreover, none of the large-scale mtDNA deletion carriers displayed the deletion in mesoangioblasts, despite high percentages in skeletal muscle. The mesoangioblasts with no or a very low mutation load (< 10%) displayed normal mitochondrial function, proliferative capacity, and myogenic differentiation capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrates that in half of the mtDNA mutation carriers, their mesoangioblasts are (nearly) mutation free and can potentially be used as source for autologous cell therapy for generation of new muscle fibers without mtDNA mutation and normal mitochondrial function

Development of a New Tool for 3D Modeling for Regenerative Medicine

The effectiveness of therapeutic treatment based on regenerative medicine for degenerative diseases (i.e., neurodegenerative or cardiac diseases) requires tools allowing the visualization and analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of target drugs within the tissue. Here, we present a new computational procedure able to overcome the limitations of visual analysis emerging by the examination of a molecular signal within images of serial tissue/organ sections by using the conventional techniques. Together with the 3D anatomical reconstitution of the tissue/organ, our framework allows the detection of signals of different origins (e.g., marked generic molecules, colorimetric, or fluorimetric substrates for enzymes; microRNA; recombinant protein). Remarkably, the application does not require the employment of specific tracking reagents for the imaging analysis. We report two different representative applications: the first shows the reconstruction of a 3D model of mouse brain with the analysis of the distribution of the β-Galactosidase, the second shows the reconstruction of a 3D mouse heart with the measurement of the cardiac volume

Intermittent glucocorticoid treatment improves muscle metabolism via the PGC1α/Lipin1 axis in an aging-related sarcopenia model

Sarcopenia burdens the older population through loss of muscle energy and mass, yet treatments to functionally rescue both parameters are lacking. The glucocorticoid prednisone remodels muscle metabolism on the basis of frequency of intake, but its mechanisms in sarcopenia are unknown. We found that once-weekly intermittent prednisone administration rescued muscle quality in aged 24-month-old mice to a level comparable to that seen in young 4-month-old mice. We discovered an age- and sex-independent glucocorticoid receptor transactivation program in muscle encompassing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC1α) and its cofactor Lipin1. Treatment coordinately improved mitochondrial abundance through isoform 1 and muscle mass through isoform 4 of the myocyte-specific PGC1α, which was required for the treatment-driven increase in carbon shuttling from glucose oxidation to amino acid biogenesis. We also probed myocyte-specific Lipin1 as a nonredundant factor coaxing PGC1α upregulation to the stimulation of both oxidative and anabolic effects. Our study unveils an aging-resistant druggable program in myocytes for the coordinated rescue of energy and mass in sarcopenia