28 research outputs found
NATIONAL VARIATION IN PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE BY STATE AND LESION TYPE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIETY OF THORACIC SURGEONS CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY (STS-CHS) DATABASE
Late Status of Fontan Patients With Persistent Surgical Fenestration
ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to determine the effects of creating a systemic-to-pulmonary venous atrial-level communication (fenestration) at the time of the Fontan procedure on late outcomes.BackgroundFenestrations are frequently performed during Fontan procedures, but late consequences are not well described.MethodsPatient characteristics were compared between those with and without surgical fenestration among 536 subjects (mean age 11.9 years) enrolled in the Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-Sectional Study. The status of the fenestration and the association of a currently patent fenestration with health status and measures of ventricular performance were investigated.ResultsFenestration was performed in 361 patients (67%), and frequency differed by year and center (p < 0.001 for each). After adjustment for center, age at Fontan, year of Fontan, and prior superior cavopulmonary surgery, the fenestrated group had shorter length of Fontan hospital stay. At the time of cross-sectional testing 8 ± 3 years after Fontan, the fenestration remained open in 19% of subjects. Among those with confirmed fenestration closure, 59% were by catheter intervention and 1% by surgical intervention, and 40% had apparent spontaneous closure. Compared with those without evidence of a fenestration, subjects with a current fenestration were taking more medications (p = 0.02) and had lower resting oxygen saturation (median 89% vs. 95%, p < 0.001). Functional health status, exercise performance, echocardiographic variables, prevalence of post-Fontan stroke or thrombosis, and growth did not differ by current fenestration status.ConclusionsSurgical fenestration is associated with well-demonstrated early post-operative benefits. This cross-sectional study found few associations between a persistent fenestration and deleterious later outcomes
ROUTE OF DELIVERY DOES NOT IMPACT PERINATAL HEMODYNAMICS IN INFANTS WITH HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME
Arterial thrombosis: Going, gone!
Most antithrombotic approaches target prevention rather than the more clinically relevant issue of resolution of an existing thrombus. In this issue of Blood, Zhang and colleagues 1 describe a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for clearance of preexisting arterial thrombus in murine models of ischemic stroke
Relative Risk Factors for Cardiac Erosion Following Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects
Longitudinal Assessment of Cardiac Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With COVIDâ19 Infections
Background In multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, there is paucity of longitudinal data on cardiac outcomes. We analyzed cardiac outcomes 3 to 4Â months after initial presentation using echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Methods and Results We included 60 controls and 60 cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Conventional echocardiograms and deformation parameters were analyzed at 4 time points: (1) acute phase (n=60), (2) subacute phase (n=50; median, 3Â days after initial echocardiography), (3) 1âmonth followâup (n=39; median, 22Â days), and (4) 3â to 4âmonth followâup (n=25; median, 91Â days). Fourteen consecutive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies were reviewed for myocardial edema or fibrosis during subacute (n=5) and followâup (n=9) stages. In acute phase, myocardial injury was defined as troponinâI level â„0.09Â ng/mL (>3 times normal) or brainâtype natriuretic peptide >800Â pg/mL. All deformation parameters, including left ventricular global longitudinal strain, peak left atrial strain, longitudinal early diastolic strain rate, and right ventricular free wall strain, recovered quickly within the first week, followed by continued improvement and complete normalization by 3Â months. Median time to normalization of both global longitudinal strain and left atrial strain was 6Â days (95% CI, 3â9 days). Myocardial injury at presentation (70% of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children cases) did not affect shortâterm outcomes. Four patients (7%) had small coronary aneurysms at presentation, all of which resolved. Only 1 of 9 patients had residual edema but no fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions Our shortâterm study suggests that functional recovery and coronary outcomes are good in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Use of sensitive deformation parameters provides further reassurance that there is no persistent subclinical dysfunction after 3Â months
Response reduction through the superimposition of continuous reinforcement: a systematic replication.
Prior clinical research suggests that superimposition and subsequent removal of a schedule of continuous reinforcement (CRF) may be a viable rate-decreasing procedure in that an extinction-like condition is arranged. The arrangement of similar conditions in the laboratory, however, resulted in the quick recovery of baseline rates. Lever-pressing patterns of eight male rats maintained by different schedules of variable-ratio and variable-interval food reinforcement were examined in an A-B-A experimental design of CRF food superimposition and removal. Responding was substantially reduced during the superimposition of CRF. Upon removal of the superimposed schedule, responding quickly approached presuperimposition baseline rates