Is the Quantum Melting of a Polaron Wigner Crystal an Insulator-to-Superconductor transition ?

On examining the stability of a Wigner Crystal (WC) in an ionic dielectric, two competitive effects due to Polaron formation are found to be important: (i) the screening of the Coulomb forces which destabilizes the crystal, compensated by (ii) the increase of the carrier mass (polaron mass). The quantum melting of the Polaron Wigner Crystal (PWC) is examined. By calculating the quantum fluctuations of both the electrons and the polarization, we show that there is a competition between the dissociation of the Polarons at the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT), and a melting towards a polaron liquid. We find that at strong coupling ($\alpha > \alpha^*$), a liquid state of polarons cannot exist, and the IMT is driven by polaron dissociation. Next, we show that the dipolar interactions between localized polarons are responsible for a phonon instability of the PWC as the density increases. This provides a new mechanism for the IMT in doped dielectrics. Examining the sign of the dielectric constant of the PWC, we conjecture that such an instability could yield an Insulator-to-Superconductor transition.Comment: 4 Pages, 2 Figures included, Int. Conf. M2S-HTSC-VI (Houston 2000) to be published in Physica

Polaron Crystallization and Melting: Effects of the Long-Range Coulomb Forces

On examining the stability of a Wigner crystal in an ionic dielectric, two competitive effects due to the polaron formation are found to be important: (i) the screening of the Coulomb force, which destabilizes the crystal, compensated by (ii) the increase of the carrier mass (polaron mass). The competition between the two effects is carefully studied, and the quantum melting of the polaronic Wigner crystal is examined by varying the density at zero temperature. By calculating the quantum fluctuations of both the electron and the polarization, we show that there is a competition between the dissociation of the polarons at the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT), and a melting towards a polaron liquid. We find that at strong coupling, a liquid state of dielectric polarons cannot exist, and the IMT is driven by the polaron dissociation. Next, taking into account the dipolar interactions between localized carriers, we show that these are responsible for an instability of the transverse vibrational modes of the polaronic Wigner crystal as the density increases. This provides a new mechanism for the IMT in doped dielectrics, which yields interesting dielectric properties below and beyond the transition. An optical signature of such a mechanism for the IMT is provided.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Int.J.Mod.Phys.

Nature of the metal-nonmetal transition in metal-ammonia solutions. I. Solvated electrons at low metal concentrations

Using a theory of polarizable fluids, we extend a variational treatment of an excess electron to the many-electron case corresponding to finite metal concentrations in metal-ammonia solutions (MAS). We evaluate dielectric, optical, and thermodynamical properties of MAS at low metal concentrations. Our semi-analytical calculations based on a mean-spherical approximation correlate well with the experimental data on the concentration and the temperature dependencies of the dielectric constant and the optical absorption spectrum. The properties are found to be mainly determined by the induced dipolar interactions between localized solvated electrons, which result in the two main effects: the dispersion attractions between the electrons and a sharp increase in the static dielectric constant of the solution. The first effect provides a classical phase separation for the light alkali metal solutes (Li, Na, K) below a critical temperature. The second effect leads to a dielectric instability, i.e., polarization catastrophe, which is the onset of metallization. The locus of the calculated critical concentrations is in a good agreement with the experimental phase diagram of Na-NH3 solutions. The proposed mechanism of the metal-nonmetal transition is quite general and may occur in systems involving self-trapped quantum quasiparticles.Comment: 13 figures, 42 page

Possible Quantum Diffusion of Polaronic Muons in Dy2_2Ti2_2O7_7 Spin Ice

We interpret recent measurements of the zero field muon relaxation rate in the frustrated magnetic pyrochlore Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ as resulting from the quantum diffusion of muons in the substance. In this scenario, the plateau observed at low temperature ($<7$ K) in the relaxation rate is due to coherent tunneling of the muons through a spatially disordered spin state and not to any magnetic fluctuations persisting at low temperature. Two further regimes either side of a maximum relaxation rate at $T^* = 50$ K correspond to a crossover between tunnelling and incoherent activated hopping motion of the muon. Our fit of the experimental data is compared with the case of muonium diffusion in KCl.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure

Polaronic features in the optical properties of the Holstein-t-J model

We derive the exact solution for the optical conductivity $\sigma(\omega)$ of one hole in the Holstein-t-J model in the framework of dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). We investigate the magnetic and phonon features associated with polaron formation as a function of the exchange coupling $J$, of the electron-phonon interaction $\lambda$ and of the temperature. Our solution directly relates the features of the optical conductivity to the excitations in the single-particle spectral function, revealing two distinct mechanisms of closing and filling of the optical pseudogap that take place upon varying the microscopic parameters. We show that the optical absorption at the polaron crossover is characterized by a coexistence of a magnon peak at low frequency and a broad polaronic band at higher frequency. An analytical expression for $\sigma(\omega)$ valid in the polaronic regime is presented.Comment: improved version, as submitted to Phys. Rev.

Muon diffusion and electronic magnetism in Y2_2Ti2_2O7_7

We report a $\mu$SR study in a Y$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ single crystal. We observe slow local field fluctuations at low temperature which become faster as the temperature is increased. Our analysis suggests that muon diffusion is present in this system and becomes small below 40 K and therefore incoherent. A surprisingly strong electronic magnetic signal is observed with features typical for muons thermally diffusing towards magnetic traps below $\approx 100$ K and released from them above this temperature. We attribute the traps to Ti$^{3+}$ defects in the diluted limit. Our observations are highly relevant to the persistent spin dynamics debate on $R_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ pyrochlores and their crystal quality

Why metallic surfaces with grooves a few nanometers deep and wide may strongly absorb visible light

It is theoretically shown that nanometric silver lamellar gratings present very strong visible light absorption inside the grooves, leading to electric field intensities by several orders of magnitude larger than that of the impinging light. This effect, due to the excitation of long wave vector surface plasmon polaritons with particular small penetration depth in the metal, may explain the abnormal optical absorption observed a long time ago on almost flat Ag films. Surface enhanced Raman scattering in rough metallic films could also be due to the excitation of such plasmon polaritons in the grain boundaries or notches of the films.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Efficient excitation of cavity resonances of subwavelength metallic gratings

One dimensional rectangular metallic gratings enable enhanced transmission of light for specific resonance frequencies. Two kinds of modes participating to enhanced transmission have already been demonstrated : (i) waveguide modes and (ii) surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Since the original paper of Hessel and Oliner \cite{hessel} pointing out the existence of (i), no progress was made in their understanding. We present here a carefull analysis, and show that the coupling between the light and such resonances can be tremendously improved using an {\it evanescent} wave. This leads to enhanced localisation of light in cavities, yielding, in particular, to a very selective light transmission through these gratings.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Enhancement of Wigner crystallization in quasi low-dimensional solids

The crystallization of electrons in quasi low-dimensional solids is studied in a model which retains the full three-dimensional nature of the Coulomb interactions. We show that restricting the electron motion to layers (or chains) gives rise to a rich sequence of structural transitions upon varying the particle density. In addition, the concurrence of low-dimensional electron motion and isotropic Coulomb interactions leads to a sizeable stabilization of the Wigner crystal, which could be one of the mechanisms at the origin of the charge ordered phases frequently observed in such compounds

Interpretation of Pioneer 10 Lyman alpha based on heliospheric interface models: methodology and first results

The Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM) neutral hydrogen and proton densities are still not precisely known even after three decades of deep space research and the existence of the EUV and other diagnostic data obtained by Pioneer 10/11, Voyager 1/2 and other spacecraft. The EUV data interpretation, in particular, has suffered because of inadequate neutral hydrogen-plasma models, difficulty of calculating the multiply scattered Lyman alpha glow and calibration uncertainties. Recently, all these difficulties have been significantly reduced. In the present work we have used the latest state of the art supersonic VLISM neutral hydrogen-plasma and Monte Carlo radiative transfer model, incorporating neutral density, temperature, and velocity variations, actual solar line shape, realistic redistribution function, Doppler and aberration effects. This work presents the methodology of the radiative transfer code and the first results of the comparison of the model predictions with the Pioneer 10 data. Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations were carried out for five neutral hydrogen- plasma models and compared with Pioneer data. The first results are quite encouraging. We found that the VLISM ionization ratio is between 0.2 and 0.5 and that the VLISM neutral hydrogen density is less than 0.25 cm^{-3}. The present calculation suggests that the Pioneer 10 photometer derived intensities (Rayleighs) need to be increased by a factor of 2. If this model- derived calibration is used then the difference between Pioneer 10 and Voyager 2 intensity values is reduced to about 2.2. The model, neutral hydrogen density = 0.15 cm${-3} and proton density = 0.07 cm^{-3}, is found to best fit the Pioneer 10 data.Comment: accepted in JG