Balancing the sustainable component of ethylene-vinyl acetate for achieved better compatibility improvement of wax-based warm mix additives in bitumen

The ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymers are always doped into waxy bitumen to inhibit network of wax crystals in bitumen. However, the compatibility improvement behaviors between wax-based warm mix (WWM) additives and bitumen by EVA are not clear, and the sustainable components of EVA for corresponding WWM additives to achieve better compatibility improvement are also not determined. This paper investigated compatibility improvement behaviors between commonly used WWM additives and bitumen after the addition of EVA to obtain sustainable components of EVA through experimental method of activation energy of viscous flow (AEVF) and density function theory-molecular dynamic (DFT-MD) calculations. The results show that the repulsions between the end of main-chain with highest electronegativity in WWM additives and polar molecules of EVA can alleviate the aggregation behaviors of WWM additives and EVA displays the best and worst compatibility improvements for additives with shortest and longest carbon chains, respectively. The dispersed asphaltenes combined with EVA can form the composite wax inhibitors (WIs) systems to increase diffusion coefficient and reduce percentage increment values of cohesive energy density (CED) to further disrupt ordered degree of WWM additives. On this basis, the sustainable carbon numbers of main-chain for EVA that are slightly less than average carbon numbers of WWM additives will help to better improve the compatibility of WWM additives. This investigation can provide the inspiration on how to choose the sustainable components of EVA to achieve high-efficiency compatibility improvement for corresponding warm mix asphalts (WMAs) with different average carbon numbers.Pavement Engineerin