Time-sequential color code division multiplexing holographic display with metasurface

Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude, phase, polarization, and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths. However, the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing (CDM) to realize dynamic manipulation. Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anti-cracks. A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density, and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation. Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage, optical encryption, multiwavelength-versatile diffractive optical elements, and stimulated emission depletion microscopy

Prophylactic and therapeutic potential of magnolol-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles in a chronic murine model of allergic asthma

Magnolol is a chemically defined and active polyphenol extracted from magnolia plants possessing anti-allergic activity, but its low solubility and rapid metabolism dramatically hinder its clinical application. To improve the therapeutic effects, magnolol-encapsulated polymeric poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide)–poly (ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles were constructed and characterized. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a chronic murine model of OVA-induced asthma and the mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that administration of magnolol-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, lung tissue eosinophil infiltration, and levels of IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β1, IL-17A, and allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 in OVA-exposed mice compared to their empty nanoparticles-treated mouse counterparts. Magnolol-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles also significantly prevented mouse chronic allergic airway mucus overproduction and collagen deposition. Moreover, magnolol-encapsulated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles showed better therapeutic effects on suppressing allergen-induced airway hyperactivity, airway eosinophilic inflammation, airway collagen deposition, and airway mucus hypersecretion, as compared with magnolol-encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles or magnolol alone. These data demonstrate the protective effect of magnolol-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles against the development of allergic phenotypes, implicating its potential usefulness for the asthma treatment

Energy Storage Application Technology and Operation Model on the Customer Side in China and Abroad

As a superior flexible resource in a new power system with new energy as the main body, customer-side energy storage has great potential for future development. It expounds the application technology and operation model of customer-side energy storage in the United States and Germany, analyzes the operation model of china's customer-side energy storage and calculates internal rates of return of general commercial and industrial customers with a unitary tariff and large industrial customers with two-part tariff, and puts forward suggestions to promote the development of china’s customer-side energy storage

Evaluation on the Effectiveness of New Energy Market-Based Trading in Promoting New Energy Consumption

In recent years, in order to promote the consumption of new energy, many regions in China have carried out new energy market-oriented trading exploration, including direct trading of new energy and large users, new energy and thermal power generation rights trading, new energy cross-provincial medium and long-term trading, new energy cross-regional spot trading, and the establishment of a peak shaving auxiliary service market. This research takes typical new energy-rich provinces as an example to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of the typical trading mechanism of new energy consumption in promoting new energy consumption. It is an inevitable trend to promote the consumption of new energy through market-oriented transactions. Combined with the construction process of China’s power market, the market will fully play the role of optimizing the allocation of resources, accelerate the construction of a power market-oriented trading mechanism that adapts to the consumption of new energy, and further utilize the market mechanism to promote new energy the role of energy consumption

Grid-Integration and Operation of HighProportioned New Energy

Vigorously developing new energy is vital for China to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of its energy structure. This study first investigates the current status and trend of China's new energy development and then prospects grid integration scenarios for a high proportion of new energies in China in the medium (2030) and long term (2060). The challenges faced by the grid integration are analyzed, including coexistence of high-efficiency consumption and energy guarantee problems, increasing difficulty in safe and stable operation, and an unsuitable power market mechanism. Moreover, a key technology system is proposed from the perspectives of source side, grid side, load side, as well as energy storage and basic support. To achieve long-term steady development of the gird integration and operation for the high-proportioned new energy, we propose to strengthen coordinated planning to promote flexibility, make breakthroughs in key technologies, establish an interim mechanism between new energy policies and the power market, and improve the design of the power market to adapt to new energy consumption scenarios. This study could provide a basic reference for the research on power system planning and electric technologies

Research on the influence of the VREs’ penetration on the capacity of transmission lines

Under the trend of global carbon emission reduction and energy transformation, variable renewable energies (VREs mainly wind power and solar) will develop rapidly. Many countries have put forward ambitious VREs development plans, and a high penetration of VREs will have a significant impact on the grid. This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of the VREs’ penetration on the capacity of transmission lines, establishes an analysis model based on mixed integer optimization and power transfer distribution factors (FTDFs), and uses this model to carry out a quantitative study on a typical system. Through the analysis of the research results, as the penetration rate of VREs increases, the transmission power of the transmission lines and the investment cost of the transmission lines will increase, and the line utilization rate will decrease. Utility companies should pay attention to the impact of future development of VREs on grid investment costs and recovery

Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 hijacks MAVS and IKKbeta to initiate lytic replication.

Upon viral infection, the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-IKKbeta pathway is activated to restrict viral replication. Manipulation of immune signaling events by pathogens has been an outstanding theme of host-pathogen interaction. Here we report that the loss of MAVS or IKKbeta impaired the lytic replication of gamma-herpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68), a model herpesvirus for human Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus. gammaHV68 infection activated IKKbeta in a MAVS-dependent manner; however, IKKbeta phosphorylated and promoted the transcriptional activation of the gammaHV68 replication and transcription activator (RTA). Mutational analyses identified IKKbeta phosphorylation sites, through which RTA-mediated transcription was increased by IKKbeta, within the transactivation domain of RTA. Moreover, the lytic replication of recombinant gammaHV68 carrying mutations within the IKKbeta phosphorylation sites was greatly impaired. These findings support the conclusion that gammaHV68 hijacks the antiviral MAVS-IKKbeta pathway to promote viral transcription and lytic infection, representing an example whereby viral replication is coupled to host immune activation

PTK2B promotes TBK1 and STING oligomerization and enhances the STING-TBK1 signaling

Abstract TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a key kinase in regulating antiviral innate immune responses. While the oligomerization of TBK1 is critical for its full activation, the molecular mechanism of how TBK1 forms oligomers remains unclear. Here, we show that protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B) acts as a TBK1-interacting protein and regulates TBK1 oligomerization. Functional assays reveal that PTK2B depletion reduces antiviral signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, macrophages and dendritic cells, and genetic experiments show that Ptk2b-deficient mice are more susceptible to viral infection than control mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that PTK2B directly phosphorylates residue Tyr591 of TBK1, which increases TBK1 oligomerization and activation. In addition, we find that PTK2B also interacts with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and can promote its oligomerization in a kinase-independent manner. Collectively, PTK2B enhances the oligomerization of TBK1 and STING via different mechanisms, subsequently regulating STING-TBK1 activation to ensure efficient antiviral innate immune responses