On General multilinear square function with non-smooth kernels

In this paper, we obtain some boundedness of the following general multilinear square functions $T$ with non-smooth kernels, which extend some known results significantly. $$T(\vec{f})(x)=\big( \int_{0}^\infty \big|\int_{(\mathbb{R}^n)^m}K_v(x,y_1,\dots,y_m) \prod_{j=1}^mf_{j}(y_j)dy_1,\dots,dy_m\big|^2\frac{dv}{v}\big)^{\frac 12}.$$ The corresponding multilinear maximal square function $T^*$ was also introduced and weighted strong and weak type estimates for $T^*$ were given.Comment: 19 page

Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to analyze the mechanism of hypertension-induced hippocampal injury

ObjectiveHypertension is a public health challenge worldwide due to its high prevalence and multiple complications. Hypertension-induced damage to the hippocampus leads to behavioral changes and various brain diseases. Despite the multifaceted effects of hypertension on the hippocampus, the mechanisms underlying hippocampal lesions are still unclear.MethodsThe 32-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were selected as the study subjects. Behavioral experiments such as an open field test (OFT), an elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and the Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed to show the behavioral characteristics of the rats. A comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was performed to understand the changes in the hippocampus at the metabolic and genetic levels.ResultsBehavioral tests showed that, compared to WKY rats, SHR showed not only reduced memory capacity but more hyperactive and impulsive behavior. In addition, transcriptomic analysis screened for 103 differentially expressed genes. Metabolomic analysis screened 56 metabolites with significant differences, including various amino acids and their related metabolites.ConclusionComprehensive analysis showed that hypertension-induced hippocampal lesions are closely associated with differential metabolites and differential genes detected in this study. The results provide a basis for analyzing the mechanisms of hypertension-induced hippocampal damage

Comparison of prevalence, viral load, physical status and expression of human papillomavirus-16, -18 and -58 in esophageal and cervical cancer: a case-control study

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of nearly all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. The presence of HPV DNA in cases of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been reported repeatedly from Shantou, China, and other regions with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma (EC). However, unlike in cervical squamous-cell carcinoma (CSCC), in ESCC, the characteristics of HPV are unclear. Thus, the role of high-risk HPV types in the carcinogenesis of ESCC remains uncertain. Methods: Seventy cases of ESCC with 60 controls and 39 cases of CSCC with 54 controls collected from patients in Shantou region in China were compared for the distributions of HPV-16, -18 and -58; viral load; and viral integration using real-time PCR assay and HPV-16 expression using immunostaining. Results: The detection rates and viral loads of HR-HPV infection were significantly lower in ESCC than in CSCC (50.0% vs. 79.48%, P = 0.005; 2.55 +/- 3.19 vs. 361.29 +/- 441.75, P = 0.002, respectively). The combined integration level of HPV-16, -18 and -58 was slightly lower in ESCC than in CSCC (P = 0.022). HPV-16 expression was detected in 59.26% of ESCC tissue and significantly associated with tumour grade (P = 0.027). Conclusions: High levels of HR-HPV expression and integration may be an indicator of the risk of ESCC, at least for patients in the Shantou region of China. However, a relatively low HPV copy number and infection rate in ESCC is unlikely to play an essential a role in the carcinogenesis of ESCC as in cervical cancer. Factors other than HR-HPV infection may contribute to the carcinogenesis of ESCC.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000285251600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701OncologySCI(E)26ARTICLEnull1

Multilinear Square Functions with Kernels of Dini’s Type

Let T be a multilinear square function with a kernel satisfying Dini(1) condition and let T⁎ be the corresponding multilinear maximal square function. In this paper, first, we showed that T is bounded from L1×⋯×L1 to L1/m,∞. Secondly, we obtained that if each pi>1, then T and T⁎ are bounded from Lp1(ω1)×⋯×Lpm(ωm) to Lp(νω→) and if there is pi=1, then T and T⁎ are bounded from Lp1(ω1)×⋯×Lpm(ωm) to Lp,∞(νω→), where νω→=∏i=1mωip/pi. Furthermore, we established the weighted strong and weak type boundedness for T and T⁎ on weighted Morrey type spaces, respectively

Estimates for iterated commutators of multilinear square fucntions with Dini-type kernels

Abstract Let TΠb→ $T_{\Pi\vec {b}}$ be the commutator generated by a multilinear square function and Lipschitz functions with kernel satisfying Dini-type condition. We show that TΠb→ $T_{\Pi\vec {b}}$ is bounded from product Lebesgue spaces into Lebesgue spaces, Lipschitz spaces, and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells’ origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the “fingerprint” of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood–brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell‐free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review

Overexpression of DAPK1 and Beclin1 under oxygen and glucose deprivation conditions promotes excessive autophagy and apoptosis in A549 cells

Abstract In this study, we aimed to determine the specific roles of death‐associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) and Beclin1 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that OGD caused most cells to shrink, aggregate, and produce many vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagic vesicles in the OGD group but not in the Control group. Moreover, the cell counting kit‐8 assay showed that cell proliferation was reduced in the OGD group. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and cell function assays showed that DAPK1 overexpression under OGD promoted apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells. The coimmunoprecipitation assay confirmed the interaction between DAPK1 and Beclin1 protein. Moreover, knockdown of Beclin1 inhibited autophagy, but its overexpression promoted apoptosis in A549 cells. In vivo tumorigenesis experiment revealed that overexpression of DAPK1 promoted A549 cell apoptosis. Collectively, overexpression of DAPK1 and Beclin1 under OGD promoted excessive autophagy and apoptosis in A549 cells. Our study may provide a novel therapeutic target and theoretical basis for NSCLC treatment