Integrative single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolomics decipher the imbalanced lipid-metabolism in maladaptive immune responses during sepsis

BackgroundTo identify differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (DE-LMRGs) responsible for immune dysfunction in sepsis.MethodsThe lipid metabolism-related hub genes were screened using machine learning algorithms, and the immune cell infiltration of these hub genes were assessed by CIBERSORT and Single-sample GSEA. Next, the immune function of these hub genes at the single-cell level were validated by comparing multiregional immune landscapes between septic patients (SP) and healthy control (HC). Then, the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithm was conducted to compare the significantly altered metabolites critical to hub genes between SP and HC. Furthermore, the role of the key hub gene was verified in sepsis rats and LPS-induced cardiomyocytes, respectively.ResultsA total of 508 DE-LMRGs were identified between SP and HC, and 5 hub genes relevant to lipid metabolism (MAPK14, EPHX2, BMX, FCER1A, and PAFAH2) were screened. Then, we found an immunosuppressive microenvironment in sepsis. The role of hub genes in immune cells was further confirmed by the single-cell RNA landscape. Moreover, significantly altered metabolites were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways and were associated with MAPK14. Finally, inhibiting MAPK14 decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved the survival and myocardial injury of sepsis.ConclusionThe lipid metabolism-related hub genes may have great potential in prognosis prediction and precise treatment for sepsis patients

Investigating the Mechanism of Strong Roof Weighting and Support Resistance Near Main Withdrawal Roadway in Large-Height Mining Face

Aiming at investigating the strong roof weighting when the large height mining face is nearing the main withdrawal roadway, the 52,304 working face (WF) nearly through the main withdrawal roadway mining in a colliery of Shendong coalfield was taken as the research background. The ground pressure, roof structure, and superposition effect of stress in the last mining stage were studied by field measurement, physical simulation, and numerical calculations. The obtained results demonstrated that the main roof formed the “long step voussoir beam” structure under the influence of the main withdrawal roadway. The superposition effect of the front abutment pressure of the WF and the concentrated stress of the main withdrawal roadway caused the stress asymmetrical distribution on the two sides -level hard rock straof the main withdrawal roadway, and the stability of the pillar on the mining side decreases. The initial average periodic weighting interval was 20.7 m. While the WF approaches the main withdrawal roadway, the pillar near the WF of the main withdrawal roadway collapsed, the main roof was broken ahead of the WF, and the actual roof control distance of support and the periodic weighting interval increased by 2.56 and 1.26 times the normal state, respectively. Consequently, the “static load” of the immediate roof and the “dynamic load” of the sliding unsteadiness of the long step voussoir beam increased. The structural model of the “long step voussoir beam” under the superposition of “static and dynamic load” was established concerning those results, and an expression was proposed to compute the support resistance. Meanwhile, the mechanism of strong roof weighting was revealed when the WF was nearly through the main withdrawal roadway. The research conclusion is expected to provide a guideline for the safe withdrawal of the large-height mining faces under similar conditions

The Effects of Benzene on the Structure and Properties of Triethylamine Hydrochloride/Chloroaluminate

The effects of benzene (C6H6) on the radial distribution function, coordination number, spatial distribution function, physical and chemical properties such as density, viscosity, conductivity and transport properties of triethylamine hydrochloride /chloroaluminate ([Et3NH] Cl/AlCl3) ionic liquid were studied by first principle and molecular dynamics simulation. The stable geometry and electronic properties of benzene and ionic liquids, as well as their optimized adsorption on Cu (111) surface were obtained. The density, viscosity and conductivity obtained agreed well with the experimental values. It is found that the adsorption of cations, anions and benzene on Cu (111) surface is physical adsorption, and the adsorption capacity is [Et3NH] > C6H6 > Al2Cl7−. With the increase of benzene concentration, the density of the system decreases gradually, the interaction between cations and anions gradually weakens, resulting in the decrease of viscosity, the enhancement of diffusion and the increase of conductivity. Since the diffusion and adsorption capacity of benzene are greater than that of electroactive ion of Al2Cl7−, benzene would be easier to adsorb on the protruding part of the electrode surface, so as to reduce the effective surface area of the cathode, slow down the reduction speed of Al2Cl7− on the cathode surface and increase the over-potential, so the grain refined deposition layers can be obtained in electrodeposition

The Effects of Benzene on the Structure and Properties of Triethylamine Hydrochloride/Chloroaluminate

The effects of benzene (C6H6) on the radial distribution function, coordination number, spatial distribution function, physical and chemical properties such as density, viscosity, conductivity and transport properties of triethylamine hydrochloride /chloroaluminate ([Et3NH] Cl/AlCl3) ionic liquid were studied by first principle and molecular dynamics simulation. The stable geometry and electronic properties of benzene and ionic liquids, as well as their optimized adsorption on Cu (111) surface were obtained. The density, viscosity and conductivity obtained agreed well with the experimental values. It is found that the adsorption of cations, anions and benzene on Cu (111) surface is physical adsorption, and the adsorption capacity is [Et3NH] > C6H6 > Al2Cl7−. With the increase of benzene concentration, the density of the system decreases gradually, the interaction between cations and anions gradually weakens, resulting in the decrease of viscosity, the enhancement of diffusion and the increase of conductivity. Since the diffusion and adsorption capacity of benzene are greater than that of electroactive ion of Al2Cl7−, benzene would be easier to adsorb on the protruding part of the electrode surface, so as to reduce the effective surface area of the cathode, slow down the reduction speed of Al2Cl7− on the cathode surface and increase the over-potential, so the grain refined deposition layers can be obtained in electrodeposition

Research on Roof Load Transfer by Passing Coal Pillar of Working Face in Shallow Buried Closely Multiple-Seam

The dynamic load effect of supports is mainly caused by the movement of the roof structure and the load transfer of overburden. In view of the practice issue that the phenomenon of strong ground pressure is easy to happen, when the working face of the lower coal seam passes the inclined coal pillar in shallow buried closely multiple-seam, it will lead to supprot damaged. This paper takes the mining of over-inclined coal pillars in the 22410 working face of the Bulianta Coal Mine as the background, based on the research method combining the field measurement, physical simulation experiment, and numerical calculation, the evolution law of the front abutment pressure (FAP) and roof weighting in mining under the inclined coal pillar is analyzed, and the mechanism of the stress transfer of the inclined coal pillar and the dynamic load of the support is revealed. The research shows that the concentrated stress of the coal pillar is jointly borne by the front coal wall of the working face and the interburden structure above the support. The vertical stress transmitted from the coal pillar to the floor acts on the key blocks of the interburden of the lower coal seam, which causes strong pressure and dynamic load effect, such as roof structure cut-off. The periodic breaking of the key stratum of the interburden leads to the development height and range of the cracks increasing stepwise. The partition characteristics of the mutual transformation of the interburden stress, the FAP, and the working resistance (WR) by passing the coal pillar stage are revealed, which is divided into three stages and four regions. With the working face passing through the inclined coal pillar, the influence area of the concentrated stress of the coal pillar is reduced, and the peak stress of the coal pillar is gradually transferred to the outside of the coal pillar. When the working face is 5 m away from the coal pillar, the peak of FAP and WR reaches the maximum values, the roof is cutting along the peak stress line, and the working face has a strong weighting phenomenon. The research results are consistent with the field measurement results, providing a reference for the mining of working faces under similar conditions

Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance and the Relationship between the Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Compositions under Long-Term Exposure to Tetracycline and Sulfamethoxazole

The removal of antibiotics and widespread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have received continuous attention due to the possible threats to environment. However, little information is available on the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the relationship between ARGs and microbial communities under long-term exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. In our study, two laboratory-scale anoxic-aerobic wastewater treatment systems were established and operated for 420 days to investigate the evolution of antibiotic resistance under exposure of 5 mg·L−1 tetracycline (TC) or 5 mg·L−1 TC and 1 mg·L−1 sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The average removal rates of TC and SMX were about 59% and 72%, respectively. The abundance of the main ARGs responsible for resistance to TC and SMX increased obviously after antibiotics addition, especially when TC and SMX in combination (increased 3.20-fold). The tetC and sul1 genes were the predominant genes in the development of TC and SMX resistance, in which gene sul1 had the highest abundance among all the detected ARGs. Network analysis revealed that under antibiotic pressure, the core bacterial groups carrying multiple ARGs formed and concentrated in about 20 genera such as Dechloromonas, Candidatus Accumulibacter, Aeromonas, Rubrivivax, in which intI1 played important roles in transferring various ARGs except sul3

Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb-Hf Isotopes of Metamorphic Rocks from the Kaiyuan and Hulan Tectonic Mélanges, NE China: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Paleo-Asian and Mudanjiang Oceans

The Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Changchun-Yanji suture (CYS) was mainly associated with the Paleo-Asian and Mudanjiang tectonic regimes. However, the spatial and temporal overprinting and variations of these two regimes remains are still dispute. In order to evaluate this issue, in this contribution, we present new zircon U-Pb ages and a whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic dataset on a suite of metamorphic rocks, including gneisses, actinolite schist, leptynites, and biotite schists, from tectonic mélanges in northern Liaoning and central Jilin provinces, NE China. Based on zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results, protoliths show wide ranges of aging spectrum, including Paleoproterozoic (2441 Ma), Early Permian (281 Ma), Late Permian (254 Ma), and Late Triassic (230 Ma). The Permian protoliths of leptynites from the Hulan Tectonic Mélange (HLTM) and gneisses from the Kaiyuan Tectonic Mélange (KYTM) exhibit arc-related geochemical signatures, implying that the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) did not close prior to the Late Permian. The Late Triassic protoliths of gneisses from the KYTM, in combination with previously reported coeval igneous rocks along the CYS, comprises a typical bimodal igneous suite in an E–W-trending belt, suggesting a post-orogenic extensional environment. Consequently, we infer that the final closure of the PAO took place during the Early–Middle Triassic. The Early Permian protoliths of biotite schists from the HLTM are alkali basaltic rocks and contain multiple older inherited zircons, which, in conjunction with the geochemical features of the rocks, indicate that they were generated in a continental rift related to the initial opening of the Mudanjiang Ocean (MO). Data from this contribution and previous studies lead us to conclude that the MO probably opened during the Middle Triassic, due to the north–south trending compression caused by the final closure of the PAO

Geochronology and geochemistry of Permo-Triassic sandstones in eastern Jilin Province (NE China): Implications for final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean

In the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in northeastern (NE) China, scattered outcrops of molasse deposits mark the ending of an orogeny and are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). However, the timing of tectonic events and the relationships among these strata remain controversial. To better constrain these geologic events, a comprehensive study of the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the sandstones of the Kaishantun (KST) Formation and Kedao (KD) Group in eastern Jilin Province, NE China, was conducted. The KST Formation is traditionally considered a molasse deposit. The sandstones display low CIA, PIA and high ICV values and low Th/U and Rb/Sr ratios, which suggest that the rocks were derived from an immature intermediate-felsic igneous source and experienced a simple sedimentary recycling history with relatively weak chemical weathering. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from two samples of the KST Formation yields ages of 748–252 Ma, suggesting that the KST Formation was deposited between 254.5 Ma and 252 Ma in Late Permian. The zircons were mainly derived from the continental northern part of the North China Craton (NCC). In contrast, the U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from five samples of the KD Group yields ages of 2611–230 Ma, suggesting that the KD samples were deposited in the Early to Middle Triassic (ca. 248–233 Ma). The detrital zircon ages for the KD samples can be divided into groups with peaks at 2.5 Ga, 1.8 Ga, 800–1000 Ma, 500 Ma and 440–360 Ma, which suggest that the samples were derived from bidirectional provenances in the Jiamusi-Khanka Block and the NCC. These new data, combined with previously published results, suggest that at least three orogenic events occurred in central-eastern Jilin Province during the Early Permian (270–262 Ma), Early Triassic (254–248 Ma) and Middle–Late Triassic (242–227 Ma). The final closure of the PAO occurred during 242–227 Ma in the Middle–Late Triassic along the Changchun-Yanji suture zone. The detrital zircon geochronological data clearly record plate convergence and the scissor-like closure of the PAO in the eastern CAOB. Keywords: Detrital zircon, Molasse, Orogenic events, Changchun-Yanji suture zone, Paleo-Asian Ocea

Geochronology, geochemistry, and tectonic implications of upper Silurian-Lower Devonian meta-sedimentary rocks from the Jiangyu Group in eastern Jilin Province, NE China

In this study, we present detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic data and whole-rock geochemical data from meta-sedimentary rocks of the Jiangyu Group in eastern Jilin Province (NE China) to constrain the late Silurian-Early Devonian tectonic evolution of the southeastern Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt. Two samples of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Jiangyu Group yielded concordant ages ranging from 2926 Ma to 415 Ma, and the youngest zircon populations of the two samples yielded weighted mean ages of 427±3 Ma and 426±3 Ma, respectively. Combined with reliable published muscovite 40Ar-39Ar ages of 408 Ma from the overlying metamorphic ophiolitic mélange, these data indicate that the protoliths of the Jiangyu Group were deposited during the late Silurian-Early Devonian Era. A comparison of the U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic data for detrital zircons from northeastern Gondwana and the Jiangyu Group indicates a probable tectonic affinity. The whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the protoliths of the meta-sedimentary rocks from the Jiangyu Group were graywackes deposited in a continental arc setting. Based on the recognition of the early to middle Paleozoic subduction-accretion events along the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), we infer that the subduction-accretion events may have occurred in the Yanbian area followed by one or more arc-continent collisions after the Early Devonian.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author