635 research outputs found
The leptonic decay using the principle of maximum conformality
In the paper, we study the leptonic decay width
by using the principle of maximum
conformality (PMC) scale-setting approach. The PMC adopts the renormalization
group equation to set the correct momentum flow of the process, whose value is
independent to the choice of the renormalization scale and its prediction thus
avoids the conventional renormalization scale ambiguities. Using the known
next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order perturbative series together with the PMC
single scale-setting approach, we do obtain a renormalization scale independent
decay width, keV,
where the error is squared average of those from
, GeV and the choices of
factorization scales within of their central values. To compare with
the result under conventional scale-setting approach, this decay width agrees
with the experimental value within errors, indicating the importance of a
proper scale-setting approach.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Standard metabolic rate predicts growth trajectory of juvenile Chinese crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under changing food availability
Phenotypic traits vary greatly within populations and can have a significant influence on aspects of performance. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of individual variation in standard metabolic rate (SMR) on growth rate and tolerance to food-deprivation in juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under varying levels of food availability. To address this issue, 19 high and 16 low SMR (individuals were randomly assigned to a satiation diet for 3 weeks, whereas another 20 high and 16 low SMR individuals were assigned to a restricted diet (approximately 50% of satiation) for the same period. Then, all fish were completely food-deprived for another 3 weeks. High SMR individuals showed a higher growth rate when fed to satiation, but this advantage of SMR did not exist in food-restricted fish. This result was related to improved feeding efficiency with decreased food intake in low SMR individuals, due to their low food processing capacity and maintenance costs. High SMR individuals experienced more mass loss during food-deprivation as compared to low SMR individuals. Our results here illustrate context-dependent costs and benefits of intraspecific variation in SMR whereby high SMR individuals show increased growth performance under high food availability but had a cost under stressful environments (i.e., food shortage)
Total Endoscopic Thyroidectomy with Intraoperative Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring
Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of laryngeal nerve (LN) monitoring (LNM) during total endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach, with emphasis on the identification rates for RLN and EBSLN and the incidence of RLN paralysis. Materials and Methods. This retrospective study included 280 patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy with or without LNM. RLN and EBSLN were identified using endoscopic magnification in the control group, while they were localized additionally by LNM in the LNM group. Demographic parameters and surgical outcomes were analyzed by statistical methods. Patients in the control group were also stratified by the side of thyroidectomy to determine difference in left and right RLN injury rates. Results. All procedures were successfully conducted without permanent LN damage. The identification rates for RLN and EBSLN were high in the LNM group compared to those of the control group, and the risk difference (RD) of temporary RLN injury between two groups was 6.3%. The risk of damage was slightly higher for the left RLN than for the right RLN in the control group, which was performed by a right-hand surgeon. Conclusion. The joint application of LNM and endoscopic magnified view endows total endoscopic thyroidectomy with ease, safety, and efficiency
The heavy quarkonium inclusive decays using the principle of maximum conformality
The next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) pQCD correction to the inclusive
decays of the heavy quarkonium ( being or ) has been done in
the literature within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD. One may observe
that the NNLO decay width still has large conventional renormalization scale
dependence due to its weaker pQCD convergence, e.g. about
for and for , by varying the scale within
the range of . The principle of maximum conformality (PMC)
provides a systematic way to fix the -running behavior of the
process, which satisfies the requirements of renormalization group invariance
and eliminates the conventional renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities.
Using the PMC single-scale method, we show that the resultant PMC conformal
series is renormalization scale independent, and the precision of the
inclusive decay width can be greatly improved. Taking the relativistic
correction into consideration, the ratios of the
decays to light hadrons or are: and , respectively.
Here the errors are for . As a step forward,
by applying the Pad approximation approach (PAA) over the PMC
conformal series, we obtain approximate NNNLO predictions for those two ratios,
e.g.
and .
The ratio agrees with the latest PDG
value , indicating the
necessity of a strict calculation of NNNLO terms.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Reanalysis of the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule up to -order QCD corrections
In the paper, we reanalyze the properties of Gross-Llewellyn Smith (GLS) sum
rule by using the -order QCD corrections with the help
of principle of maximum conformality (PMC). By using the PMC single-scale
approach, we obtain an accurate renormalization scale-and-scheme independent
pQCD contribution for GLS sum rule, e.g. , where the error is squared average of those from
, the predicted -order terms
predicted by using the Pad\'{e} approximation approach. After applying the PMC,
a more convergent pQCD series has been obtained, and the contributions from the
unknown higher-order terms are highly suppressed. In combination with the
nonperturbative high-twist contribution, our final prediction of GLS sum rule
agrees well with the experimental data given by the CCFR collaboration.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Ethyl 3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate
In the title molecule, C18H16F2O4, the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 55.2 (2)°. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains propagating along the c axis
- …