1,649 research outputs found
MAT: A Multi-strength Adversarial Training Method to Mitigate Adversarial Attacks
Some recent works revealed that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to
so-called adversarial attacks where input examples are intentionally perturbed
to fool DNNs. In this work, we revisit the DNN training process that includes
adversarial examples into the training dataset so as to improve DNN's
resilience to adversarial attacks, namely, adversarial training. Our
experiments show that different adversarial strengths, i.e., perturbation
levels of adversarial examples, have different working zones to resist the
attack. Based on the observation, we propose a multi-strength adversarial
training method (MAT) that combines the adversarial training examples with
different adversarial strengths to defend adversarial attacks. Two training
structures - mixed MAT and parallel MAT - are developed to facilitate the
tradeoffs between training time and memory occupation. Our results show that
MAT can substantially minimize the accuracy degradation of deep learning
systems to adversarial attacks on MNIST, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Only Positive Cases: 5-fold High-order Attention Interaction Model for Skin Segmentation Derived Classification
Computer-aided diagnosis of skin diseases is an important tool. However, the
interpretability of computer-aided diagnosis is currently poor. Dermatologists
and patients cannot intuitively understand the learning and prediction process
of neural networks, which will lead to a decrease in the credibility of
computer-aided diagnosis. In addition, traditional methods need to be trained
using negative samples in order to predict the presence or absence of a lesion,
but medical data is often in short supply. In this paper, we propose a multiple
high-order attention interaction model (MHA-UNet) for use in a highly
explainable skin lesion segmentation task. MHA-UNet is able to obtain the
presence or absence of a lesion by explainable reasoning without the need for
training on negative samples. Specifically, we propose a high-order attention
interaction mechanism that introduces squeeze attention to a higher level for
feature attention. In addition, a multiple high-order attention interaction
(MHAblock) module is proposed by combining the different features of different
orders. For classifying the presence or absence of lesions, we conducted
classification experiments on several publicly available datasets in the
absence of negative samples, based on explainable reasoning about the
interaction of 5 attention orders of MHAblock. The highest positive detection
rate obtained from the experiments was 81.0% and the highest negative detection
rate was 83.5%. For segmentation experiments, comparison experiments of the
proposed method with 13 medical segmentation models and external validation
experiments with 8 state-of-the-art models in three public datasets and our
clinical dataset demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our model. The
code is available from https://github.com/wurenkai/MHA-UNet
Phonon Effects on Spin-Charge Separation in One Dimension
Phonon effects on spin-charge separation in one dimension are investigated
through the calculation of one-electron spectral functions in terms of the
recently developed cluster perturbation theory together with an optimized
phonon approach. It is found that the retardation effect due to the finiteness
of phonon frequency suppresses the spin-charge separation and eventually makes
it invisible in the spectral function. By comparing our results with
experimental data of TTF-TCNQ, it is observed that the electron-phonon
interaction must be taken into account when interpreting the ARPES data.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, minor differences with the published version in
Physical Review Letter
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Attenuates Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury in Rats
Paraquat (PQ) has been demonstrated that the main target organ for the toxicity is the lung. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of PDTC on the PQ-induced pulmonary damage. Fifty-four rats were divided into control, PQ-treated and PQ+PDTC-treated groups. Rats in the PQ group were administrated 40 mg/kg PQ by gastric gavage, and PDTC group with 40 mg/kg PQ followed by injection of 120 mg/kg PDTC (IP). On the days 3, 7, 14 and 21 after treatments, the activities of GSH-Px, SOD, MDA level and the content of HYP were measured. TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA. MDA level in plasma and BALF was increased and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were decreased significantly in the PQ-treated groups (P < .05) compared with control group. While the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in the PQ+PDTC-treated groups was markedly higher than that of PQ-treated groups (P < .05), and in contrast, MDA level was lower. TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were significantly lower in the
PQ+PDTC-treated groups than that of PQ-treated groups (P < .05). The histopathological changes in the PQ+PDTC-treated groups were milder than those of PQ groups. Our results suggested that PDTC treatment significantly attenuated paraquat-induced pulmonary damage
Responses of microbial abundance and enzyme activity in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands for domestic and secondary wastewater
Although micro-organisms play a significant role in pollutant removal in constructed wetlands, little is known on the effect of wastewater-quality properties on microbial characteristics. In this study, two groups of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland microcosms were applied to treat synthetic domestic wastewater and synthetic secondary effluent. The effects of wastewater-quality properties on microbial features were assessed. Results showed that higher values of microbial indicators were observed in the systems with domestic wastewater and in down-flow cells. Redundancy analysis revealed that organic matter concentration and temperature were two critical determinants influencing the microbial features
Reanalysis of the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule up to -order QCD corrections
In the paper, we reanalyze the properties of Gross-Llewellyn Smith (GLS) sum
rule by using the -order QCD corrections with the help
of principle of maximum conformality (PMC). By using the PMC single-scale
approach, we obtain an accurate renormalization scale-and-scheme independent
pQCD contribution for GLS sum rule, e.g. , where the error is squared average of those from
, the predicted -order terms
predicted by using the Pad\'{e} approximation approach. After applying the PMC,
a more convergent pQCD series has been obtained, and the contributions from the
unknown higher-order terms are highly suppressed. In combination with the
nonperturbative high-twist contribution, our final prediction of GLS sum rule
agrees well with the experimental data given by the CCFR collaboration.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
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