Bis{μ-2-[(2-oxidobenzyl­idene)amino­meth­yl]phenolato-κ3 O,N,O′}bis­[(pyridine-κN)zinc(II)]

In the title centrosymmetric zinc(II) complex, [Zn2(C4H13NO2)2(C6H5N)2], each ZnII atom is coordinated by two 2-[(2-oxidobenzyl­idene)amino­meth­yl]phenolate (L) ligands and one pyridine (py) mol­ecule in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. Each L ligand behaves as a tridentate ligand and provides a phenolate oxygen bridge which links the two ZnII atoms. The ZnL(py) units are linked by π–π inter­actions between adjacent pyridine mol­ecules, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.724 Å, resulting in a two-dimensional structure

(1S*,2R*,4aS*,6aS*,6bR*,10S*,12aR*,14aS*)-10-Hydr­oxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-hepta­methyl­perhydro­picene-4a,14a-carbolactone

The title compound, C30H48O3, was extracted from the plant Dracocephalum rupestre Hance. The mol­ecule contains five fused cyclo­hexane rings and one five-membered lactone ring. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups link the mol­ecules into chains along [010]. The absolute structure has not been determined

Interpretation of AIRS Data in Thin Cirrus Atmospheres Based on a Fast Radiative Transfer Model

A thin cirrus cloud thermal infrared radiative transfer model has been developed for application to cloudy satellite data assimilation. This radiation model was constructed by combining the Optical Path Transmittance (OPTRAN) model, developed for the speedy calculation of transmittances in clear atmospheres, and a thin cirrus cloud parameterization using a number of observed ice crystal size and shape distributions. Numerical simulations show that cirrus cloudy radiances in the 800–1130-cm^(-1) thermal infrared window are sufficiently sensitive to variations in cirrus optical depth and ice crystal size as well as in ice crystal shape if appropriate habit distribution models are selected a priori for analysis. The parameterization model has been applied to the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board the Aqua satellite to interpret clear and thin cirrus spectra observed in the thermal infrared window. Five clear and 29 thin cirrus cases at nighttime over and near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program (ARM) tropical western Pacific (TWP) Manus Island and Nauru Island sites have been chosen for this study. A X^2-minimization program was employed to infer the cirrus optical depth and ice crystal size and shape from the observed AIRS spectra. Independent validation shows that the AIRS-inferred cloud parameters are consistent with those determined from collocated ground-based millimeter-wave cloud radar measurements. The coupled thin cirrus radiative transfer parameterization and OPTRAN, if combined with a reliable thin cirrus detection scheme, can be effectively used to enhance the AIRS data volume for data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models

Interference with NTSR1 Expression Exerts an Anti-Invasion Effect via the Jun/miR-494/SOCS6 Axis of Glioblastoma Cells

Background/Aims: Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumor and carries a poor prognosis. Previously, we found that neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) contributes to glioma progression, but the underlying mechanisms of NTSR1 in glioblastoma invasion remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of NTSR1 in glioblastoma invasion. Methods: Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound-healing and transwell assays. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8. The expression of NTSR1, Jun, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) was detected using western blotting. The expression of miR-494 was detected by Quantitative real-time PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to examine the interaction between Jun and miR-494 promoter. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting were performed to identify the direct regulation of SOCS6 by miR-494. An orthotopic xenograft mouse model was conducted to assess tumor growth and invasion. Results: NTSR1 knockdown attenuated the invasion of glioblastoma cells. Jun was positively regulated by NTSR1, which promoted miR-494 expression through binding to miR-494 promoter. SOCS6 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-494, thus, NTSR1-induced miR-494 upregulation resulted in SOCS6 downregulation. Both miR-494 and SOCS6 were involved in the NTSR1-induced invasion of glioblastoma cells. In vivo, tumor invasion and growth were inhibited by NTSR1 knockdown, but were restored with miR-494 overexpression. Conclusion: NTSR1 knockdown inhibited glioblastoma invasion via the Jun/miR-494/SOCS6 axis

From chemical Langevin equations to Fokker-Planck equation: application of Hodge decomposition and Klein-Kramers equation

The stochastic systems without detailed balance are common in various chemical reaction systems, such as metabolic network systems. In studies of these systems, the concept of potential landscape is useful. However, what are the sufficient and necessary conditions of the existence of the potential function is still an open problem. Use Hodge decomposition theorem in differential form theory, we focus on the general chemical Langevin equations, which reflect complex chemical reaction systems. We analysis the conditions for the existence of potential landscape of the systems. By mapping the stochastic differential equations to a Hamiltonian mechanical system, we obtain the Fokker-Planck equation of the chemical reaction systems. The obtained Fokker-Planck equation can be used in further studies of other steady properties of complex chemical reaction systems, such as their steady state entropies.Comment: 6 pages, 0 figure, submitted to J. Phys. A: Math. Theo