Intellectual Property Protection Measures in the Digital Economy

This article explores the protection measures for intellectual property (IP) in the digital economy. With the rapid development of the digital economy, protecting intellectual property has become particularly crucial. The aim of this article is to analyze the current status and challenges of intellectual property protection in the context of the digital economy and to discuss effective protection strategies and mechanisms. The research employs literature review and case analysis methods, and the main findings include the importance of legal regulations, the application of technical means, and the necessity of international cooperation. The conclusion summarizes the main issues faced today and proposes future development directions and recommendations

Current Situation and Future Development of Intellectual Property Protection in China

This paper explores the current state of intellectual property protection in China and its future development trends, aiming to analyze the legal framework, policy implementation, and judicial practices in this field to reveal the challenges and opportunities faced. Through literature review and case analysis, the study systematically examines the impact of technological innovation on intellectual property protection, comparative international experiences, and future development trends. Key findings include: the continuous improvement of legal regulations, but the growing influence of technological changes on intellectual property protection, such as the new challenges and demands brought by emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain; at the same time, international cooperation plays a crucial role in enhancing the level of intellectual property protection. The study suggests future policy recommendations including further optimization of the legal framework, strengthening the coordination between technological innovation and intellectual property protection, and promoting international intellectual property cooperation to address complex challenges in the global context. This paper provides valuable insights and strategic measures for advancing the development of China's intellectual property protection system and implementing the country's innovation-driven development strategy

Strategic Application of Intellectual Property in Multinational Corporations

This paper explores the strategic application of intellectual property (IP) in multinational corporations (MNCs), aiming to reveal the impact of IP on the competitive advantage of MNCs. By analyzing the IP management strategies of various MNCs in the global market, this paper demonstrates the critical role of effective IP protection and utilization in corporate innovation, market expansion, and risk management. The study finds that IP is not only an essential part of a company's assets but also a core competitive advantage for MNCs to achieve sustainable development. This paper comprehensively analyzes the application of IP in MNC strategies from legal, economic, and management perspectives, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for IP management in the context of globalization

Challenges and Countermeasures in Intellectual Property Management for Small and Medium Enterprises

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face numerous challenges in intellectual property (IP) management, including limited resources, insufficient expertise, and weak awareness. However, IP management is crucial for enhancing innovation and competitiveness in SMEs. This paper analyzes the main challenges SMEs encounter in IP management and proposes corresponding strategies based on their practical situations. Measures such as raising IP management awareness, strengthening IP protection, allocating resources effectively, utilizing external support, and optimizing management systems are suggested to help SMEs better manage their IP and enhance their market competitiveness. The paper aims to provide systematic and actionable IP management recommendations for SMEs to promote their innovative development

Response of piles subjected to progressive soil movement

Model tests were conducted to investigate the behavior of vertically loaded, free head piles undergoing lateral soil movement using an experimental apparatus developed in house. This paper presents ten new tests on an instrumented model pile in dry sand, which provide the profiles of bending moment, shear force and pile deflection along the pile, the development of maximum bending moment Mmax, maximum shear force Tmax, and pile deflection y0 at the ground surface with soil movement. The tests reveal the effects of axial load P (at pile head), the distance between the tested pile and source of free soil movement Sb, sliding depths, and angle of soil movement (via loading angle) on the pile response. For instance, the axial loading P leads to extra bending moment and deflection in the passive pile; the Mmax reduces with increase in Sb; and the Mmax is proportional to the angle of soil movement. The elastic solution by Guo and Qin [Guo, W. D., Qin, H. Y., 2010, Thrust and Bending Moment of Rigid Piles Subjected to Moving Soil, Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 180-196] was used to predict the development of Mmax and Tmax observed in the current tests, a boundary element analysis, and an in situ pile test, respectively. It provides satisfactory predictions for all cases against the measured data

On the locality of local neural operator in learning fluid dynamics

This paper launches a thorough discussion on the locality of local neural operator (LNO), which is the core that enables LNO great flexibility on varied computational domains in solving transient partial differential equations (PDEs). We investigate the locality of LNO by looking into its receptive field and receptive range, carrying a main concern about how the locality acts in LNO training and applications. In a large group of LNO training experiments for learning fluid dynamics, it is found that an initial receptive range compatible with the learning task is crucial for LNO to perform well. On the one hand, an over-small receptive range is fatal and usually leads LNO to numerical oscillation; on the other hand, an over-large receptive range hinders LNO from achieving the best accuracy. We deem rules found in this paper general when applying LNO to learn and solve transient PDEs in diverse fields. Practical examples of applying the pre-trained LNOs in flow prediction are presented to confirm the findings further. Overall, with the architecture properly designed with a compatible receptive range, the pre-trained LNO shows commendable accuracy and efficiency in solving practical cases

Over-expression of an S-domain receptor-like kinase extracellular domain improves panicle architecture and grain yield in rice.

The S-domain receptor kinase (SRK) comprises a highly polymorphic subfamily of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) originally found to be involved in the self-incompatibility response in Brassica. Although several members have been identified to play roles in developmental control and disease responses, the correlation between SRKs and yield components in rice is still unclear. The utility of transgenic expression of a dominant negative form of SRK, OsLSK1 (Large spike S-domain receptor like Kinase 1), is reported here for the improvement of grain yield components in rice. OsLSK1 was highly expressed in nodes of rice and is a plasma membrane protein. The expression of OsLSK1 responded to the exogenous application of growth hormones, to abiotic stresses, and its extracellular domain could form homodimers or heterodimers with other related SRKs. Over-expression of a truncated version of OsLSK1 (including the extracellular and transmembrane domain of OsLSK1 without the intracellular kinase domain) increased plant height and improve yield components, including primary branches per panicle and grains per primary branch, resulting in about a 55.8% increase of the total grain yield per plot (10 plants). Transcriptional analysis indicated that several key genes involved in the GA biosynthetic and signalling pathway were up-regulated in transgenic plants. However, full-length cDNA over-expression and RNAi of OsLSK1 transgenic plants did not exhibit a detectable visual phenotype and possible reasons for this were discussed. These results indicate that OsLSK1 may act redundantly with its homologues to affect yield traits in rice and manipulation of OsLSK1 by the dominant negative method is a practicable strategy to improve grain yield in rice and other crops

Pressure-induced one-dimensional oxygen ion diffusion channel in lead-apatite

Recently, Lee et al. claimed that the experimental observation of room-temperature ambient-pressure superconductivity in a Cu-doped lead-apatite (Pb10-xCux(PO4)6O). The study revealed the Cu doping induces a chemical pressure, resulting in a structural contraction of one-dimensional Cu-O-Cu atomic column. This unique structure promotes a one-dimensional electronic conduction channel along the c-axis mediated by the O atoms, which may be related to superconductivity. These O atoms occupy 1/4 of the equivalent positions along the c-axis and exhibit a low diffusion activation energy of 0.8 eV, indicating the possibility of diffusion between these equivalent positions. Here, using machine-learning based deep potential, we predict the pressure-induced fast diffusion of 1/4-occupied O atoms along the one-dimensional channel in Pb10(PO4)6O at 500 K, while the frameworks of Pb triangles and PO4 tetrahedrons remain stable. The calculation results also indicate Cu doping can provide appropriate effective chemical pressure, indicating the one-dimensional ion diffusion channel may appear in Pb9Cu(PO4)6O, even at ambient pressure. Our finding shows that the one-dimensional ions diffusion channel may be an important factor to affects the fabrication and electrical measurement of doped lead-apatite.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Analysis of a high-pier railway bridge under spatial stochastic stationary and non-stationary earthquake excitations

Ciljevi ovoga rada su provesti komparativnu analizu velikog sustava željezničkog mosta na visokim stupovima izloženog stacionarnim i ne-stacionarnim prostorno promjenjivim uzbudama potresa primjenom metode pseudo-uzbude (pseudo-excitation method - PEM), te procijeniti može li se ili ne može ne-stacionarna stohastička analiza željezničkih mostova na visokim stupovima izloženih trosmjernim prostornim podzemnim gibanjima zamijeniti jednostavnijom stacionarnom slučajnom analizom kako bi se izbjegla prekomjerna računanja. Zasnovane na ANSYS softveru konačnih elemenata, analize stacionarnih i ne-stacionarnih stohastičkih uzbuda mosta na visokim stupovima pretvorile su se u harmonične analize i determinističke prijelazne analize u našem istraživanju, primjenom PEM-a. Učinak prolaza vala i učinak nekoherentnosti modelirani su kao ključni čimbenici, a ukupno je razmotreno dvanaest slučajeva u svrhu ispitivanja učinka prolaza vala i učinka nekoherentnosti na seizmičku reakciju željezničkog mosta na visokim stupovima izloženog stacionarnim i ne-stacionarnim uzbudana potresa. Rezultati pokazuju da je reakcija konstrukcije pod stacionarnom uzbudom veća nego kod ne-stacionarne uzimajući u obzir bilo učinak prolaza vala ili učinak nekoherencije. Kad se uspoređuju reakcije konstrukcije pod stacionarnom pobudom s onima kod ne-stacionarne, sve stope rasta su manje od 25 %, što je u tehnici prihvatljivo, a to znači da se ne-stacionarna stohastička analiza željezničkih mostova na visokim stupovima pri trosmjernim prostornim gibanjima u zemlji može pojednostavniti u stacionarnu analizu kako bi se izbjeglo prekomjerno računanje.The objectives of this paper are to perform a comparative analysis of the large-scale system of a high-pier railway bridge subjected to stationary and non-stationary spatially varying earthquake excitations using the pseudo-excitation method (PEM), and to estimate whether or not the non-stationary stochastic analysis of the high-pier railway bridges under tri-directional spatial ground motions can be simplified into a stationary random analysis to avoid excessive computation. Based on the finite element software ANSYS, the stationary and non-stationary stochastic excitations analyses of a high-pier bridge were transformed into harmonic analyses and deterministic transient analyses in the study, respectively, by using PEM. The wave-passage effect and the incoherence effect were modelled as the key factors, a total of twelve cases were considered to investigate the wave-passage effect and incoherence effect on the seismic response of a high-pier railway bridge under stationary and non-stationary earthquake excitations. Results show that structural responses under stationary excitation are larger than those under non-stationary by considering either the wave-passage effect or the incoherence effect. Through comparing structural responses under stationary excitation with those under non-stationary one, all the growth rates are less than 25 %, which is acceptable in engineering, meaning that a non-stationary stochastic analysis of high-pier railway bridges under tri-directional spatial ground motions can be simplified into a stationary analysis to avoid excessive computation