Experimental study on mechanical properties of filling-bulk ce-menting combination body

In order to study the influence of caved rocks in the goaf on the backfilling body in the backfilling mining, uniaxial compression test are carried out on the backfilling body-cemented granular body combination with different granular heights, discrete element lithology and backfilling body strength. The uniaxial compression failure of the combination body specimen is monitored in real time by using the three-dimensional acoustic emission positioning technology. The deformation and failure corresponding to the AE events in the loading process is characterized by combining the time parameters of AE events with the starting time points of the four stages of the stress-strain curve. Based on this, the failure model for the interface of the combination body is established. The results show that the height of granular is negatively correlated with the strength of the combination body, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the combination body with the backfilling height ratio of 1:4 is only 55.0 % of that of the single backfilling body. The discrete element lithology and the strength of backfilling body are positively correlated with the strength of the combination body. Although high-strength backfilling body can improve the uniaxial compressive strength of the combination body, the higher the strength of filling body in the combination body, the more serious the strength reduction of the combination body. When the particle lithology in cemented bulk is siltstone with low strength, the uniaxial compressive strength of the combination body is only 42.9% of that of single combination body. The siltstone with smaller compressive strength will have a fracture plane due to shear failure during the failure, and the limestone with larger compressive strength can withstand shear load by using the shear strength of the granular particles. When the cementing matrix in the cemented granular fails or the particles in the cemented granular are broken, the interface of the backfilling body and the cemented granular undergoes non-uniform compression deformation, resulting in the stress concentration on the backfilling body on the interface damaged by the cemented granular, resulting in the shear failure of the upper backfilling body locally, and the failure of backfilling body is the contribution of both axial stress and non-uniform deformation of the interface

Genome of Pythium myriotylum Uncovers an Extensive Arsenal of Virulence-Related Genes among the Broad-Host-Range Necrotrophic Pythium Plant Pathogens

The Pythium (Peronosporales, Oomycota) genus includes devastating plant pathogens that cause widespread diseases and severe crop losses. Here, we have uncovered a far greater arsenal of virulence factor-related genes in the necrotrophic Pythium myriotylum than in other Pythium plant pathogens. The genome of a plant-virulent P. myriotylum strain (~70 Mb and 19,878 genes) isolated from a diseased rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale) encodes the largest repertoire of putative effectors, proteases, and plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) among the studied species. P. myriotylum has twice as many predicted secreted proteins than any other Pythium plant pathogen. Arrays of tandem duplications appear to be a key factor of the enrichment of the virulence factor-related genes in P. myriotylum. The transcriptomic analysis performed on two P. myriotylum isolates infecting ginger leaves showed that proteases were a major part of the upregulated genes along with PCWDEs, Nep1-like proteins (NLPs), and elicitin-like proteins. A subset of P. myriotylum NLPs were analyzed and found to have necrosis-inducing ability from agroinfiltration of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves. One of the heterologously produced infection-upregulated putative cutinases found in a tandem array showed esterase activity with preferences for longer-chain-length substrates and neutral to alkaline pH levels. Our results allow the development of science-based targets for the management of P. myriotylum-caused disease, as insights from the genome and transcriptome show that gene expansion of virulence factor-related genes play a bigger role in the plant parasitism of Pythium spp. than previously thought. IMPORTANCE Pythium species are oomycetes, an evolutionarily distinct group of filamentous fungus-like stramenopiles. The Pythium genus includes several pathogens of important crop species, e.g., the spice ginger. Analysis of our genome from the plant pathogen Pythium myriotylum uncovered a far larger arsenal of virulence factor-related genes than found in other Pythium plant pathogens, and these genes contribute to the infection of the plant host. The increase in the number of virulence factor-related genes appears to have occurred through the mechanism of tandem gene duplication events. Genes from particular virulence factor-related categories that were increased in number and switched on during infection of ginger leaves had their activities tested. These genes have toxic activities toward plant cells or activities to hydrolyze polymeric components of the plant. The research suggests targets to better manage diseases caused by P. myriotylum and prompts renewed attention to the genomics of Pythium plant pathogens

Women and literature in the early Qing fiction Lin Lan Xiang = "Lin Lan Xiang" zhong de nü xing yu wen xue

The early Qing fiction Lin Lan Xiang tells a story about the destinies of a number of women who live in a noble family. The fiction aims to portray several different kinds of women, among whom Yan Mengqing is the heroine. She is virtuous, artistic and beautiful, while her husband Geng Lang is very inferior to her. Lin Lan Xiang explores the women’s life, fate, talents and abilities. It also shows how the women meet and develop a love for each other through literature. It is the love between the women that brings them into the same family, and not their affection for their husband. Even though the author appreciates the outstanding literary talent of the women, the fiction implies that their literary talent is defined as a good thing only under certain circumstances. If a woman behaves inappropriately, her talent might bring her to harm. If a stranger sees a woman’s poems or paintings, the social gender rules may be broke, and she may be molested. If her talent overrides her morality, she would not be considered as a competent wife and mother any more, and could become estranged from her husband. The description of Yan Mengqing’s illness and her death at an early age reflects the historical obsession with “sickly beauties” and “talented women dying young”, an obsession that derived from the negative attitude towards women’s talent in traditional society. The relationship between women and literature is complicated. The author not only describes upper-class women writing and painting, but considers lower-class women, such as maids and elderly female servants. The impact of literature is different when it comes to these lower-class women, which is revealed in the stories of Hongyu and Lipo. These two are based on some real traditional Chinese opera women writers and Tanci women writers/performers.published_or_final_versionChineseMasterMaster of Philosoph

EMP response modeling of TVS based on the recurrent neural network

Due to the larger workload in the implementation process and the poor consistence between the test results and actual situation problems when using the transmission line pulse (TLP) testing methods, a modeling method based on the recurrent neural network is proposed for EMP response forecast. Based on the TLP testing system, two categories of EMP are increased, which are the machine model ESD EMP and human metal model ESD EMP. Elman neural network, Jordan neural network and their combination namely Elman-Jordan neural network are established for response modeling of NUP2105L transient voltage suppressor (TVS) forecasting the response under different EMP. The simulation results show that the recurrent neural network has satisfying modeling effects and high computation efficiency

Numerical simulation for the heat transfer behavior of oil pipeline during the shutdown and restart process

Mathematical models for the heat transfer behavior of the oil pipeline during shutdown and restart are established. And the finite difference and finite volume method are used to disperse the mathematical models to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of the thermal system. Five simulation cases are executed to obtain some findings. During restart, the pipeline can be divided into three regions with each region has a certain temperature changing trait. And the increasing of temperature on certain position has two stages and each stage has a different temperature evolution due to the movement of remain cold oil and entering of hot oil. The surrounding soil has the analogical temperature evolution in contrast to the crude oil except some thermal hysteresis exists. And a thermal influence region is also found around the pipeline. The influence of restart flow and temperature on the oil pipeline is also investigated. There is a worthy of note that in case that the restart flow is lower than a certain value, there may be appears a period of time that the oil temperature continues to decrease although the pipeline has been restarted. This condition increases the risk of oil gelatinization. Keywords: Oil pipeline, Heat transfer characteristics, Numerical simulation, Shutdown and restar

Baicalein alleviates depression-like behavior in rotenone- induced Parkinson's disease model in mice through activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the world. In addition to motor symptoms, a variety of non-motor symptoms seriously affect the life quality of PD patients. Baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from the herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibits anti-PD activity through alleviation of its motor symptoms. However, its effects on non-motor symptoms were barely reported. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of baicalein on PD-related depression. Methods: After a 2-week injection of rotenone, mice with PD-related depression behavior were selected, divided into three groups, and administrated saline, baicalein, or madopar orally for four weeks. Behavior, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters, and synaptic plasticity were evaluated. Results: Our results showed that 4-week baicalein treatment significantly alleviated the depression-like behavior in the rotenone-induced mice model. Repeated baicalein treatment reduced α-synuclein aggregation, inhibited neuroinflammation, and maintained neurotransmitters homeostasis. Moreover, we found that baicalein treatment could remarkably protect the synaptic plasticity and activate the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in the PD-related depression mice model. As traditional dopamine replacement therapy unleashed few effects on depression-like symptom amelioration and synaptic function protection, baicalein might be a more appropriate choice for PD-related depression. Conclusions: The current results suggested that baicalein could act as a treatment for PD-related depression

Sub-micron microparticles with tunable fluorescence emission obtained via co-self-assembly of amidoximed polymeric ligands and lanthanide ions

Lanthanide coordinating polymeric microparticles have witnessed increasing research interests during the past decades due to their versatile morphology and tunable fluorescent properties. Herein, we have synthesized an amidoximed block copolymer containing aromatic backbone and pendent amidoxime as well as carboxyl groups, which has been employed as the ligand to sensitize the intrinsic fluorescence emission of lanthanide ions of Tb3+ and Eu3+. Furthermore, the lanthanide coordinating polymeric microparticles showing tunable green and red emission fluorescence have been prepared via the emulsion confinement co-self-assembly of amidoximed polymeric ligands with Tb3+ and Eu3+. It is found that both the fluorescence emission and sizes of obtained fluorescent microparticles can be easily modulated in a wide range by tuning concentration of polymers and lanthanide ions, as well as emulsion evaporation temperature. Thanks to their tunable sizes (250–900 nm), fluorescence emission as well as presence of surface active functional groups, the present fluorescent microparticles would find potential applications in in-vitro detection, optical encoding and devices

Optimization of Ohmic Contact to Ultrathin-Barrier AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure via an ‘Ohmic-Before-Passivation’ Process

Non-recessed ohmic contact resistance (Rc) on ultrathin-barrier (UTB) AlGaN(x passivation. It is found that the separation between the recovered 2DEG and the ohmic contacting edge can be remarkably reduced, contributing to a reduced transfer length (LT) and low Rc, as compared to that of ohmic contact to the AlGaN(~20 nm)/GaN heterostructure with a pre-ohmic recess process. Thermionic field emission is verified to be the dominant ohmic contact mechanism by temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements. The low on-resistance of 3.9 Ω·mm and the maximum current density of 750 mA/mm with Vg = 3 V were achieved on the devices with the optimized ohmic contact. The non-recessed ohmic contact with the ‘ohmic-before-passivation’ process is a promising strategy to optimize the performance of low-voltage GaN-based power devices