The combination of chest compression synchronized ventilation and aortic balloon occlusion improve the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in swine

AimThe primary mission of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to provide adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery for restoring spontaneous circulation from cardiac arrest (CA) events. Previously, studies demonstrated that chest compression synchronized ventilation (CCSV) improved systemic oxygen supply during CPR, and aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) augments the efficacy of external CPR by increasing blood perfusion to vital organs. However, both them failed to make a significant improvement in return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). In this study, we investigated the effects of combined CCSV and ABO on the outcomes of CPR in swine.MethodsThirty-one male domestic swine were subjected to 8 min of electrically induced and untreated CA followed by 8 min of CPR. CPR was performed by continuous chest compressions and mechanical ventilation. At the beginning of CPR, the animals were randomized to receive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV, n = 10), CCSV (n = 7), IPPV + ABO (n = 7), or CCSV + ABO (n = 7). During CPR, gas exchange and systemic hemodynamics were measured, and ROSC was recorded. After resuscitation, the function and injury biomarkers of vital organs including heart, brain, kidney, and intestine were evaluated.ResultsDuring CPR, PaO2 was significantly higher accompanied by significantly greater regional cerebral oxygen saturation in the CCSV and CCSV + ABO groups than the IPPV group. Coronary perfusion pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and carotid blood flow were significantly increased in the IPPV + ABO and CCSV + ABO groups compared with the IPPV group. ROSC was achieved in five of ten (IPPV), five of seven (CCSV), six of seven (IPPV + ABO), and seven of seven (CCSV + ABO) swine, with the rate of resuscitation success being significantly higher in the CCSV + ABO group than the IPPV group (P = 0.044). After resuscitation, significantly improved myocardial and neurological function, and markedly less cardiac, cerebral, renal, and intestinal injuries were observed in the CCSV + ABO group compared with the IPPV group.ConclusionThe combination of CCSV and ABO improved both ventilatory and hemodynamic efficacy during CPR, promoted ROSC, and alleviated post-resuscitation multiple organ injury in swine

Study on crystal growth of Ge/Si quantum dots at different Ge deposition by using magnetron sputtering technique

Abstract We investigated the growth and evolution of Si-based Ge quantum dots (Ge/Si QDs) under low Ge deposition (1.2–4.4 nm thick) using magnetron sputtering. The morphology and structure of QDs were analyzed with the help of an atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman, surface energy theory and dynamics theory, the photoelectric properties of QDs were characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results showed that the growth mechanism of QDs conformed to Stranski–Krastanow mode, but the typical thickness of the wetting layer was nearly three times higher than those derived from conventional technologies such as molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, solid phase epitaxy and so on. Meanwhile, the shape evolution of QDs was very different from existing reports. The specific internal causes of these novel phenomena were analyzed and confirmed and reported in this paper. In addition, the AFM, Raman, and PL tests all indicated that the QDs grown when 3.4 nm Ge was deposited have the most excellent morphology, structure, and optoelectronic performance. Our work lays a foundation for further exploration of the controllable growth of QDs at high deposition rates, which is a new way to realize the industrialization of QDs used for future devices

A Machine‐Learning‐Based Bibliometric Analysis of Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications over the Past Eleven Years

Abstract Cell membrane encapsulation is a growing concept in nanomedicine, for it achieves the purpose of camouflage nanoparticles, realizing the convenience for drug delivery, bio‐imaging, and detoxification. Cell membranes are constructed by bilayer lipid phospholipid layers, which have unique properties in cellular uptake mechanism, targeting ability, immunomodulation, and regeneration. Current medical applications of cell membranes include cancers, inflammations, regenerations, and so on. In this article, a general bibliometric overview is conducted of cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles covering 11 years of evolution in order to provide researchers in the field with a comprehensive view of the relevant achievements and trends. The authors analyze the data from Web of Science Core Collection database, and extract the annual publications and citations, most productive countries/regions, most influential scholars, the collaborations of journals and institutions. The authors also divided cell membranes into several subgroups to further understand the application of different cell membranes in medical scenarios. This study summarizes the current research overview in cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles and intuitively provides a direction for future research

Hydrogen Gas Is Involved in Auxin-Induced Lateral Root Formation by Modulating Nitric Oxide Synthesis

Metabolism of molecular hydrogen (H2) in bacteria and algae has been widely studied, and it has attracted increasing attention in the context of animals and plants. However, the role of endogenous H2 in lateral root (LR) formation is still unclear. Here, our results showed that H2-induced lateral root formation is a universal event. Naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA; the auxin analog) was able to trigger endogenous H2 production in tomato seedlings, and a contrasting response was observed in the presence of N-1-naphthyphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin transport inhibitor. NPA-triggered the inhibition of H2 production and thereafter lateral root development was rescued by exogenously applied H2. Detection of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) by the specific probe 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses revealed that the NO level was increased in both NAA- and H2-treated tomato seedlings. Furthermore, NO production and thereafter LR formation induced by auxin and H2 were prevented by 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO; a specific scavenger of NO) and the inhibitor of nitrate reductase (NR; an important NO synthetic enzyme). Molecular evidence confirmed that some representative NO-targeted cell cycle regulatory genes were also induced by H2, but was impaired by the removal of endogenous NO. Genetic evidence suggested that in the presence of H2, Arabidopsis mutants nia2 (in particular) and nia1 (two nitrate reductases (NR)-defective mutants) exhibited defects in lateral root length. Together, these results demonstrated that auxin-induced H2 production was associated with lateral root formation, at least partially via a NR-dependent NO synthesis

Peptide–Polymer Conjugates: A Promising Therapeutic Solution for Drug-Resistant Bacteria

By 2050, it is estimated that 10 million people will die of drug-resistant bacterial infection caused by antibiotic abuse. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is widely used to prevent such circumstances, for the positively charged AMPs can kill drug-resistant bacteria by destroying negatively charged bacterial cell membrane, and has excellent antibacterial efficiency and low drug resistance. However, due to the defects in low in vivo stability, easy degradation, and certain cytotoxicity, its practical clinical application is limited. The emergence of peptide–polymer conjugates (PPC) helps AMPs overcome these shortcomings. By combining with functional polymers, the positive charge of AMPs is partially shielded, and its stability and water solubility are improved, so as to prolong the in vivo circulation time of AMPs and reduce its cytotoxicity. At the same time, the self-assembly ability of PPC enables it to assemble into different nanostructures to undertake specific antibacterial tasks. At present, PPC is mainly used in wound dressing, bone tissue repair, antibacterial coating of medical devices, nerve repair, tumor treatment, and oral health maintenance. In this study, we summarize the structure, synthesis methods, and the clinical applications of PPC, so as to present the current challenges and discuss the future prospects of antibacterial therapeutic materials

The predictive value of bedside ultrasound to restore spontaneous circulation in patients with pulseless electrical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>The prognosis of pulseless electrical activity is dismal. However, it is still challengable to decide when to terminate or continue resuscitation efforts. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of bedside ultrasound (US) could predict the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) through the identification of cardiac activity.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that used US to predict ROSC. A search of electronic databases (Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE) was conducted up to June 2017, and the assessment of study quality was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.</p><p>Results</p><p>Eleven studies that enrolled a total of 777 PEA patients were included. A total of 230 patients experienced ROSC. Of these, 188 had sonographically identified cardiac activity (pseudo-PEA). A meta-analysis showed that PEA patients with cardiac activity on US were more likely to obtain ROSC compared to those with cardiac standstill: risk ratio (RR) = 4.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20–8.63; p<0,00001) with significant statistical heterogeneity (I² = 60%). Subgroup analyses were conducted: US evaluation using only on the subxiphoid view: RR = 1.99 (95% CI, 0.79–5.02; p = 0.15); evaluation using various views: RR = 4.09 (95% CI,2.70–6.02; p<0.00001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In cardiac arrest patients who present with PEA, bedside US has an important role in predicting ROSC. The presence of cardiac activity in PEA patients may encourage more aggressive resuscitation.</p></div

The differentially expression of significant changed miRNAs between CK and Cd libraries.

<p>The expression of miRNAs in two libraries were first normalized to get the expression of transcript per million (TPM). Then fold change was calculated according to the formula: Fold change = log2 (treatment/control).</p

Common and specific sequences between CK and Cd library.

<p>Summarise the common and specific tags of two libraries, including the summary of unique tags and total tags.</p

Histogram presentation of gene ontology (GO) classification.

<p>The up and down x-axis indicates the percentage and number of a specific category of genes in that main category respectively.</p