2,4,5-Tri-2-furyl-1H-imidazole

In the crystal of the title compound, C15H10N2O3, the molecules are linked together by inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into chains along the c axis. The crystal structure also shows weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds. The three furanyl rings bonded to the imidazole core are not coplanar with the latter; the dihedral angles between the furanyl and imidazole ring planes are 29.3 (2), 19.4 (2), and 4.8 (2)°

1H-Imidazol-3-ium-4-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C4H4N2O2, both imidazole N atoms are protonated and carboxyl­ate group is deprotonated, resulting in a zwitterion. The mol­ecule is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.012 (1) Å. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.674 (2) Å] between the imidazole rings link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional supra­molecular network

Designable ultra-smooth ultra-thin solid-electrolyte interphases of three alkali metal anodes

该研究是在毛秉伟教授和董全峰教授共同指导下，由2014级博士生谷宇、2016级博士生王卫伟、2013级博士生李艺娟等同学通力合作的成果。泉州师范学院吴启辉教授和上海应用物理研究所樊春海研究员分别在X射线光电子能谱表征和同步辐射表征中提供了大力支持。化学化工学院郑明森副教授、颜佳伟教授、吴德印教授、iChEM研究员丁松园博士在实验和理论计算方面给予了大力帮助；田中群教授和郑南峰教授等对此工作提出了宝贵意见。 金属锂是下一代高能量密度二次电池最理想的负极材料之一。在以金属锂作为负极的电池中，锂电沉积过程中枝晶的生长及溶解过程的死锂现象是制约电池库仑效率、稳定性和安全性的重要因素，而金属锂表面的微观平整性及固态电解质界面（SEI）膜的组成和结构及由其所决定的电学和力学性质对锂电沉积和溶解行为有重要影响。 课题组所发展的电化学调控方法可进一步拓展到钠、钾碱金属负极上，形成大范围原子平整的钠、钾表面和超薄超光滑的SEI膜。特别是金属钠平面电极可在2 mA cm–2（1 mAh cm–2）100% Na DOD下稳定循环550周以上且库伦效率近100%。这一基于电化学调控的碱金属表面抛光和SEI膜构筑的方法及多尺度联合表征，为解决碱金属负极问题提供了新的思路，也为开展表面科学基础研究提供高质量的碱金属表面。【Abstract】Dendrite growth of alkali metal anodes limited their lifetime for charge/discharge cycling. Here, we report near-perfect anodes of lithium, sodium, and potassium metals achieved by electrochemical polishing, which removes microscopic defects and creates ultra-smooth ultra-thin solid-electrolyte interphase layers at metal surfaces for providing a homogeneous environment. Precise characterizations by AFM force probing with corroborative in-depth XPS profile analysis reveal that the ultra-smooth ultra-thin solid-electrolyte interphase can be designed to have alternating inorganic-rich and organic-rich/mixed multi-layered structure, which offers mechanical property of coupled rigidity and elasticity. The polished metal anodes exhibit significantly enhanced cycling stability, specifically the lithium anodes can cycle for over 200 times at a real current density of 2 mA cm-2 with 100% depth of discharge. Our work illustrates that an ultra-smooth ultra-thin solid-electrolyte interphase may be robust enough to suppress dendrite growth and thus serve as an initial layer for further improved protection of alkali metal anodes.This work was supported by the MOST projects (2015CB251102, 2012CB932902) and the NSFC projects (U1305246, 21621091, 21473147, 21533006, 21673193). 研究工作得到科技部973计划（项目批准号：2015CB251102、2012CB932902），国家自然科学基金（项目批准号：U1305246、21621091、21473147、21533006、21673193）等项目的资助

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

MicroRNA and histopathological characterization of pure mucinous breast carcinoma

Objective: Pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) is an uncommon histological type of breast cancer characterized by a large amount of mucin production. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a large class of small noncoding RNA of about 22 nt involved in the regulation of various biological processes. This study aims to identify the miRNA expression profile in PMBC. Methods: MiRNA expression profiles in 11 PMBCs were analyzed by miRNA-microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-one PMBCs and 27 invasive ductal carcinoma of no special types (IDC-NSTs) were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against ER, PR-progesterone receptor, HER2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, p53, PCNA, and CK5 and 6. Results: We analyzed the miRNA expression in 11 PMBCs and corresponding normal tissues using miRNA-microarray and real-time PCR, and found that miR-143 and miR-224-5p were significantly downregulated in mucinous carcinoma tissue. Compared with IDC-NSTs, PMBC showed a significantly higher ER positive rate, lower HER-2 positive rate, and lower cell proliferation rates. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the miRNA expression profile of PMBC, and our findings may lead to further understanding of this type of breast cancer

Genetic variants in RNA m5C modification genes associated with survival and chemotherapy efficacy of colorectal cancer

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant digestive tract tumors with a poor prognosis. RNA 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) is an important posttranscriptional widespread modification involved in many biological processes. However, the association between genetic variations of m5C modification genes and the prognostic value of colorectal cancer remains unclear. Methods We investigated the association between candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 m5C modification genes and colorectal cancer overall survival (OS) after chemotherapy by the Cox regression model. The combined effect of selected SNPs on OS, progression‐free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR) was assessed by the number of risk alleles (NRA). The GTEx and TCGA database were used to perform expression qualitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis. Results We identified that two SNPs in YBX1 were associated with OS after chemotherapy (HR = 1.43, p = 0.001 for rs10890208; HR = 1.36, p = 0.025 for rs3862218). A striking dose–response effect between NRA and OS after chemotherapy was found (ptrend = 0.002). The DCR of patients receiving oxaliplatin chemotherapy in the 3–4 NRA group was markedly reduced in comparison to that in the 0–2 NRA group (OR = 1.49, p = 0.036). Moreover, YBX1 mRNA expression was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues (p < 0.05) in the TCGA database, and eQTL analysis demonstrated that the two SNPs were associated with YBX1 (p = 0.003 for rs10890208 and p = 0.024 for rs3862218). Conclusion Our study indicates that genetic variants in m5C modification genes may mediate changes in YBX1 mRNA levels and affect the chemotherapeutic efficacy of colorectal cancer patients

Cu(I)-catalysed enantioselective chlorine atom transfer with vinyl radicals

Enantioselective intermolecular atom transfer reactions of vinyl radicals have hitherto remained elusive mainly due to their inherently high instability and reactivity which significantly compromises the stereodiscriminating substrate-catalyst interactions. Herein, we describe Cu(I)-catalyzed enantioselective chlorine atom transfer with vinyl radicals using tailormade tridentate anionic N,N,N-ligands featuring bulky peripheral substituents. This reaction readily accommodates (hetero)aryl and alkyl sulfonyl chlorides as radical precursors and more importantly, a large panel of 2-aminoaryl and 2-oxyaryl alkynes as substrates, providing highly transformable axially chiral vinyl chlorides in moderate to good yield with excellent enantioselectivity. The reaction can be easily scaled up to gram scales and straightforward manipulations of the thus obtained vinyl halides lead to axially chiral thiourea, pyridyl carboxamide, and quinolyl sulfonamide compounds, which are promising chiral reagents for asymmetric catalysis. Both experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies supported the proposed chlorine atom transfer reaction mechanism

Urban irrigation reduces moist heat stress in Beijing, China

Abstract Although urban irrigation can modulate local hydrothermal conditions and mitigate urban heat island effects, its impact on moist heat stress (MHS) is poorly understood. Employing the Weather Research and Forecasting Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (WRF-SLUCM), we evaluated the effect of urban irrigation on the MHS in Beijing, China, and found that the updated initial soil moisture (SM) field improved the simulation of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Besides, urban irrigation reduced urban and rural MHS, and particularly reduced afternoon and evening MHS by up to 1.2 °C but increased morning MHS by up to 0.4 °C. In addition, the effect of different irrigation times on MHS showed that irrigation at 02 and 20 h increased urban and rural MHS, with the best cooling effect at 00 and 13 h, which reduced the MHS by up to 2.65 °C in urban areas and 0.71 °C in rural areas. The findings highlighted mechanistically the effect of urban irrigation on MHS and shed light on how to mitigate urban heat island effects on urban sustainable development