Identifying risk factors for cesarean scar pregnancy: a retrospective study of 79 cases

 Objectives: To explore the possible risk factors for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), the incidence of which is increasing rapidly in China. Material and methods: 79 patients with CSP and 69 non-CSP expectant mothers with at least 1 previous cesarean section were employed in the study. The obstetric histories of the participants were collected and analyzed using Chi square test. Results: We found that 77.2% CSP patients had ≥ 3 pregnancies and only 36.2% women had ≥ 3 pregnacies in non-CSP group. During the previous cesarean delivery, 21.5% of CSP patients had entered the first stage of labor, which was 43.5% in non-CSP group (P < 0.05). Cephalopelvic disproportion occurred in 51.9% of CSP patients, which was significantly higher than that (23.2%) in non-CSP group (P < 0.01). 11.4% of CSP patients had undergone cesarean section due to breech and shoulder presentation in the past, which was only 1.4% in non-CSP group. However, no significance was noted (P > 0.05). We did not find significant differences between the CSP and non-CSP patients in maternal age, multiple cesarean sections, gestational age, emergency or elective caesarean section. Conclusions: Multiple pregnancies, absence of the first stage of labor, and cephalopelvic disproportion might be the risk factors for the occurrence of CSP.  

(Z)-4-[4-(Dimethyl­amino)benzyl­idene]-3-methyl­isoxazol-5(4H)-one

The title compound, C13H14N2O2, an isoxazol-5-one derivative, was synthesized by a one-pot, three-component condensation reaction of methyl acetoacetate, hydroxy­lamine hydro­chloride and 4-(dimethyl­amino)benzaldehyde. All the non-H atoms are co-planar [r.m.s deviation = 0.0039 Å], with a Z configuration about the C=C bond. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the isoxazole ring is 2.58 (19)°

Chilling Stress—The Key Predisposing Factor for Causing Alternaria alternata Infection and Leading to Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Leaf Senescence

Leaf senescence plays a vital role in nutrient recycling and overall capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide. Cotton premature leaf senescence, often accompanied with unexpected short-term low temperature, has been occurring with an increasing frequency in many cotton-growing areas and causes serious reduction in yield and quality of cotton. The key factors for causing and promoting cotton premature leaf senescence are still unclear. In this case, the relationship between the pre-chilling stress and Alternaria alternata infection for causing cotton leaf senescence was investigated under precisely controlled laboratory conditions with four to five leaves stage cotton plants. The results showed short-term chilling stress could cause a certain degree of physiological impairment to cotton leaves, which could be recovered to normal levels in 2–4 days when the chilling stresses were removed. When these chilling stress injured leaves were further inoculated with A. alternata, the pronounced appearance and development of leaf spot disease, and eventually the pronounced symptoms of leaf senescence, occurred on these cotton leaves. The onset of cotton leaf senescence at this condition was also reflected in various physiological indexes such as irreversible increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage, irreversible decrease in soluble protein content and chlorophyll content, and irreversible damage in leaves' photosynthesis ability. The presented results demonstrated that chilling stress acted as the key predisposing factor for causing A. alternata infection and leading to cotton leaf senescence. It could be expected that the understanding of the key factors causing and promoting cotton leaf senescence would be helpful for taking appropriate management steps to prevent cotton premature leaf senescence

Dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of classical swine fever virus in experimentally infected pigs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Classical swine fever </it>(CSF), caused by the <it>Classical swine fever virus </it>(CSFV), is an Office International des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable disease. However, we are far from fully understand the distribution, tissue tropism, pathogenesis, replication and excretion of CSFV in pigs. In this report, we investigated the dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of the virus in internal organs of the experimentally infected pigs using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A relative quantification real-time PCR was established and used to detect the virus load in internal organs of the experimentally infected pigs. The study revealed that the virus was detected in all 21 of the internal organs and blood collected from pigs at day 1 to day 8 post infections, and had an increasing virus load from day 1 to day 8 post infections. However, there was irregular distribution virus load in most internal organs over the first 2 days post infection. Blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and ileum usually contain the highest viral loads, while heart, duodenum and brain show relatively low viral loads.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>All the data suggest that CSFV had an increasing virus load from day 1 to day 8 post infections in experimentally infected pigs detected by real-time RT-PCR, which was in consistent with the result of the IHC staining. The data also show that CSFV was likely to reproduce in blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and the ileum, while unlikely to replicate in the heart, duodenum and brain. The results provide a foundation for further clarification of the pathogenic mechanism of CSFV in internal organs, and indicate that blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and ileum may be preferred sites of acute infection.</p

The Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes and 1,3-Cyclohexanedione in Aqueous Media

The reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 1,3-cyclohexanedione in aqueous media has been catalyzed by p-dodecylbenezenesulfonic acid (DBSA) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and yields two products: 9-aryl-1, 8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives and 2,2´-arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy- 2-cyclohexene-1-one). This method provides several advantages such as good yield, simple work-up procedure and environment friendly

Liuzijue training improves hypertension and modulates gut microbiota profile

BackgroundLiuzijue training (LZJ) is a traditional exercise integrating breathing meditation and physical exercise, which could prevent and improve hypertension symptoms.PurposeWe aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LZJ on hypertensive patients from the perspectives of blood pressure (BP), vascular endothelial function, immune homeostasis, and gut microbiota.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind experiment to assess the effect of 12 weeks LZJ in hypertensive patients. We measured the blood pressure level, vascular endothelial function, serum inflammatory factor concentration, and fecal microbial composition of hypertension patients.ResultsCompared with aerobic training, LZJ has a more significant effect on serum inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-10) and gut microbiota. PCoA analysis showed that LZJ tended to transform the gut microbiota structure of hypertensive subjects into that of healthy people. This process involves significant changes in Bacteroides, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Escherichia-Shigella, Haemophilus, Megamonas, and Parabacteroides. In particular, Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella, these bacteria were closely related to the improvement of BP in hypertensive patients.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results confirm that LZJ could be used as an adjuvant treatment for hypertensive patients, which could effectively reduce BP, improve the immune homeostasis and gut microbiota structure in patients, and provide a theoretical reference for the use of LZJ in the clinic.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx, identifier: ChiCTR2200066269

Astrometric Reduction of Saturnian Satellites with Cassini-ISS Images Degraded by Trailed Stars

Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) mounted on the Cassini spacecraft has taken a lot of images, which provides an important source of high-precision astrometry of some planets and satellites. However, some of these images are degraded by trailed stars. Previously, these degraded images cannot be used for astrometry. In this paper, a new method is proposed to detect and compute the centers of these trailed stars automatically. The method is then performed on the astrometry of ISS images with trailed stars. Finally, we provided 658 astrometric positions between 2004 and 2017 of several satellites that include Enceladus, Dione, Tethys, Mimas and Rhea. Compared with the JPL ephemeris SAT427, the mean residuals of these measurements are 0.11 km and 0.26 km in right ascension and declination, respectively. Their standard deviations are 1.08 km and 1.37 km, respectively. The results show that the proposed method performs astrometric measurements of Cassini ISS images with trailed stars effectively

Conspecific pollen advantage mediated by the extragynoecial compitum and its potential to resist interspecific reproductive interference between two Sagittaria species

The extragynoecial compitum formed by the incomplete fusion of carpel margins, while allowing intercarpellary growth of pollen tubes in apocarpous angiosperms, may also increase the risk of reproductive interference caused by heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition. In Sagittaria, congeneric HP tubes grow via different paths and enter the ovules later than conspecific pollen (CP) tubes. However, it is unclear how the growth advantage of the CP tube helps ensure reproductive success when HP is deposited on the stigmas. We performed molecular characterization of interspecies-pollinated seeds to examine the consequences of interspecific pollen deposition between Sagittaria pygmaea and S. trifolia. We also conducted CP–HP (1:1) mixed pollination and delayed CP pollination treatments to explore the seed-siring abilities of CP and HP. Our results showed that although HP could trigger the development of fruits, the interspecies-pollinated seeds contained partially developed embryos and could not germinate. More than 70% of the embryos in these seeds were molecularly identified as hybrids of both species, suggesting that HP tubes could enter the ovules and fertilize the egg cells. Moreover, CP could sire more offspring (≥70%) after the CP–HP (1:1) mixed pollination treatment, even when HP reached the stigma 0.5–1 h earlier than CP (≥50%). Following adequate CP vs. HP (1:1) pollination on carpels on two sides of the apocarpous gynoecium, both species produced &gt; 70% conspecific seeds, indicating that the CP tubes could occupy ovules that should be occupied by HP via the extragynoecial compitum. Our results reveal that in Sagittaria, pollen deposition from co-existing congeneric heterospecies leads to interspecific seed discounting. However, the CP advantage mediated by the extragynoecial compitum is an effective strategy to mitigate the effects of interspecific pollen deposition. This study improves our understanding of how apocarpous angiosperms with an extragynoecial compitum can maintain species stability and mitigate the negative reproductive interference effect from sympatrically distributed related species

MUX64, an analogue 64-to-1 multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector

We present the design and the performance of MUX64, a 64-to-1 analogue multiplexer ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD). The MUX64 transmits one of its 64 inputs selected by six address lines for the voltages or temperatures being monitored to an lpGBT ADC channel. The prototype ASICs fabricated in TSMC 130 nm CMOS technology were prepared in wire-bonding and QFN88 packaging format. A total of 280 chips was examined for functionality and quality assurance. The accelerated aging test conducted at 85 degrees celsius shows negligible degradation over 16 days

Intact RNA structurome reveals mRNA structure-mediated regulation of miRNA cleavage in vivo

[EN] MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated cleavage is involved in numerous essential cellular pathways. miRNAs recognize target RNAs via sequence complementarity. In addition to complementarity, in vitro and in silico studies have suggested that RNA structuremay influence the accessibility of mRNAs to miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISCs), thereby affecting RNA silencing. However, the regulatory mechanism of mRNA structure in miRNA cleavage remains elusive. We investigated the role of in vivo RNA secondary structure in miRNA cleavage by developing the new CAP-STRUCTURE-seq method to capture the intact mRNA structurome in Arabidopsis thaliana. This approach revealed that miRNA target sites were not structurally accessible for miRISC binding prior to cleavage in vivo. Instead, we found that the unfolding of the target site structure plays a key role in miRISC activity in vivo. We found that the single-strandedness of the two nucleotides immediately downstream of the target site, named Target Adjacent nucleotideMotif, can promotemiRNA cleavage but not miRNA binding, thus decoupling target site binding from cleavage. Our findings demonstrate that mRNA structure in vivo can modulate miRNA cleavage, providing evidence of mRNA structure-dependent regulation of biological processes.Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L025000/1]; the NorwichResearch Park Science Links Seed Fund; and European Commission Horizon 2020 European Research Council, Starting Grant [680324]. Funding for open access charge: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L025000/1]; the Norwich Research Park Science Links Seed Fund; and European Commission Horizon 2020 European Research Council, Starting Grant [680324].Yang, M.; Woolfenden, HC.; Zhang, Y.; Fang, X.; Liu, Q.; Vigh, ML.; Cheema, J.... (2020). 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