Study of qqqqˉQqqq\bar{q}Q pentaquark system in the Chiral Quark Model

With the discovery of some hidden-charm pentaquark resonances by the LHCb Collaboration, investigations of pentaquark states containing heavy quarks have aroused the interest of theorists. We study herein $qqq\bar{q}Q$ ($q = u$ or $d$, $Q=c$ or $b$) pentaquark system, in the framework of the chiral quark model. In consequence, some charmed and bottomed pentaquarks are considered to exist by five-body dynamical calculations. In the charm sector, $\Sigma_c\pi(IJ^P=0\frac{1}{2}^-)$ and $\Sigma_c^*\pi(IJ^P=0\frac{3}{2}^-)$ are possible candidates of $\Lambda_c(2595)$ and $\Lambda_c(2625)$, respectively. Besides, two high-spin states, $\Sigma_c^*\rho(IJ^P=0\frac{5}{2}^-)$ and $\Delta D^*(IJ^P=1\frac{5}{2}^-)$, are also found in the energy region of $3.2 \sim 3.3$ GeV. In the bottom sector, $\Sigma_b\pi(IJ^P=0\frac{1}{2}^-)$, $\Sigma_b^*\pi(IJ^P=0\frac{3}{2}^-)$ could be candidates of $\Lambda_b(5912)$ and $\Lambda_b(5920)$, respectively. And $\Sigma_b^*\rho(IJ^P=0\frac{5}{2}^-)$ and $\Delta B^*(IJ^P=1\frac{5}{2}^-)$ are found in the energy region of $6.5 \sim 6.6$ GeV. $\Sigma_c^{(*)}\pi$ and $\Sigma_b^{(*)}\pi$ are expected as compact states, while $\Sigma_c^*\rho$, $\Sigma_b^*\rho$, $\Delta D^*$ and $\Delta B^*$ are expected as molecular states.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur

Federated Learning of Shareable Bases for Personalization-Friendly Image Classification

Personalized federated learning (PFL) aims to harness the collective wisdom of clients' data while building personalized models tailored to individual clients' data distributions. Existing works offer personalization primarily to clients who participate in the FL process, making it hard to encompass new clients who were absent or newly show up. In this paper, we propose FedBasis, a novel PFL framework to tackle such a deficiency. FedBasis learns a set of few shareable ``basis'' models, which can be linearly combined to form personalized models for clients. Specifically for a new client, only a small set of combination coefficients, not the model weights, needs to be learned. This notion makes FedBasis more parameter-efficient, robust, and accurate than competitive PFL baselines, especially in the low data regime, without increasing the inference cost. To demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of FedBasis, we also present a more practical PFL testbed for image classification, featuring larger data discrepancies across clients in both the image and label spaces as well as more faithful training and test splits.Comment: Preprin

On the turbulent heat fluxes: A comparison among satellite-based estimates, atmospheric reanalyses, and in-situ observations during the winter climate over Arctic sea ice

En sammenligning mellom satellittbaserte estimater, atmosfæriske reanalyser, og in situ observasjoner under vinterklimaet over arktisk sjøis I Polhavet og tilgrensende områder finnes det svært få direkte målinger av fysiske forhold, særskilt om vinteren. Derfor må vi ofte ta i bruk atmosfæriske modeller, reanalyser, satellittdata, og klimamodeller for å studere klimavariasjoner og -endringer. I reanalyser blir det brukt observasjoner fra hele verden sammen med en værmodell for å beregne et estimat for atmosfærens tilstand, også for områder hvor det er mangel på direkte målinger. Derfor er data i reanalyser mer usikre i områder med manglende observasjoner, noe som er viktig å ta hensyn til under forsøk på å verifisere og forbedre klima- og værmodeller. I vår studie benyttet vi unike atmosfæriske observasjoner fra den NP-ledede ekspedisjonen N-ICE2015, som foregikk i Polhavet nord for Svalbard fra januar til juni i 2015, til å evaluere data fra reanalyser og satellitt. Dette ga en sjelden mulighet til å gjøre en evaluering for dette området om vinteren. Resultatene er varierende, og noen langvarige problemer finnes fortsatt i nye produkter, inkludert betydelige avvik. Generelt sett virker reanalyser bedre enn satellittdataprodukter for overflaten av sjøis, men begge har atskillige avvik fra våre direkte observasjoner. Våre resultater viser også et problem knyttet til hvordan reanalysedata presenteres – oftest som gjennomsnittverdier over et stort område med en blanding av is og åpent hav. Selv om det bare er noen få prosent av området som er åpent hav, har dette stor påvirkning på gjennomsnittlig utveksling av varme og vanndamp. At det ikke skilles mellom verdier for isdekke og for åpent hav i reanalyse-datasett, medfører at det er vanskelig å evaluere reanalysene eller bruke dem til å modellere sjøis. Våre resultater gir nyttig kunnskap om reanalyser, hvilke produkter som egner seg best i fremtidige studier, og hvilke parametere som det bør vies mest forsiktig med. Vi tror resultatene også vil bli benyttet til å forbedre eksisterende reanalyse- og satellittdataproduktene.The surface energy budget is crucial for Arctic sea ice mass balance calculation and climate systems, among which turbulent heat fluxes significantly affect the air–sea exchanges of heat and moisture in the atmospheric boundary layer. Satellite observations (e.g. CERES and APP-X) and atmospheric reanalyses (e.g., ERA5) are often used to represent components of the energy budget at regional and pan-Arctic scales. However, the uncertainties of the satellite-based turbulent heat fluxes are largely unknown, and cross-comparisons with reanalysis data and in-situ observations are limited. In this study, satellite-based turbulent heat fluxes were assessed against in-situ observations from the N-ICE2015 drifting ice station (north of Svalbard, January–June 2015) and ERA5 reanalysis. The turbulent heat fluxes were calculated by two approaches using the satellite-based ice surface temperature and radiative fluxes, surface atmospheric parameters from ERA5, and snow/sea ice thickness from the pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). We found that the bulk-aerodynamic formula based results could better capture the variations of turbulent heat fluxes, while the maximum entropy production based estimates are comparable with ERA5 in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE). CERES-based estimates outperform the APP-X-based ones but ERA5 performs the best in all seasons (RMSE of 18 and 7 W m−2 for sensible and latent heat flux, respectively). The air–ice temperature/humidity differences and the surface radiation budget were found the primary driving factors in the bulk-formula method and maximum entropy production (MEP) method, respectively. Furthermore, errors in the surface and near-surface temperature and humidity explain almost 50% of the uncertainties in the estimates based on the bulk-formula, whereas errors in the net radiative fluxes explain more than 50% of the uncertainties in the MEP-based results.publishedVersio

Approximation of Images via Generalized Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition over Finite-dimensional Commutative Semisimple Algebra

Low-rank approximation of images via singular value decomposition is well-received in the era of big data. However, singular value decomposition (SVD) is only for order-two data, i.e., matrices. It is necessary to flatten a higher order input into a matrix or break it into a series of order-two slices to tackle higher order data such as multispectral images and videos with the SVD. Higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) extends the SVD and can approximate higher order data using sums of a few rank-one components. We consider the problem of generalizing HOSVD over a finite dimensional commutative algebra. This algebra, referred to as a t-algebra, generalizes the field of complex numbers. The elements of the algebra, called t-scalars, are fix-sized arrays of complex numbers. One can generalize matrices and tensors over t-scalars and then extend many canonical matrix and tensor algorithms, including HOSVD, to obtain higher-performance versions. The generalization of HOSVD is called THOSVD. Its performance of approximating multi-way data can be further improved by an alternating algorithm. THOSVD also unifies a wide range of principal component analysis algorithms. To exploit the potential of generalized algorithms using t-scalars for approximating images, we use a pixel neighborhood strategy to convert each pixel to "deeper-order" t-scalar. Experiments on publicly available images show that the generalized algorithm over t-scalars, namely THOSVD, compares favorably with its canonical counterparts.Comment: 20 pages, several typos corrected, one appendix adde

Dry eye disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross sectional study

AIM: To explore ocular surface manifestations of dry eye disease (DED) and its influencing factors in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. METHODS: Ophthalmological examinations were conducted in SLE patients (n=43) and controls (n=41), including Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), objective scatter index (OSI), tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer thickness (LLT), non-invasive Keratograph tear breakup time (NIKBUT), corneal fluorescein score (CFS), Schirmer I test. DED was diagnosed according to the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II Criteria. SLE patients were further divided into DED group and non-DED group, the disease activity, clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations were compared between the two groups. The disease activity was evaluated by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve and multiple-factor binary logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: SLE patients showed higher OSDI [9.1 (2.8-15.9) vs 6.3 (2.2-7.5), P=0.035], higher OSI [1.67 (1.09-2.60) vs 0.96 (0.87-1.60), P=0.001], higher CFS [1 (0-2) vs 0 (0-1), P=0.001], lower LLT [65 (42-100) vs 100 (79.5-100), P=0.010], and lower NIKBUT [8.03 (4.02-9.73) vs 9.67 (5.26-12.71), P=0.030] than controls. The 32.6% of SLE patients had DED, which was higher than 12.2% of healthy controls. DED group showed higher SLEDAI-2K score [9.7±6.1 vs 5.4±3.4, P=0.025], higher anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACL) [8.7 (3.5-13.2) vs 3.6 (2.0-6.9), P=0.035], and higher proportion of patients with cutaneous eruption [42.9% vs 6.9%, P=0.015] than non-DED group. According to multiple-factor binary logistic regression analysis, the SLEDAI-2K score (OR=1.194, P=0.041) and cutaneous eruption (OR=7.094, P=0.045) could be consider as risk factors for DED in SLE patients. The ROC curve of the combined factors including age, disease duration, SLEDAI-2K score, ACL, and cutaneous eruption was analyzed, with a sensitivity of 0.786, a specificity of 0.793, and an area under curve of 0.820. CONCLUSION: Ocular surface affection is frequent in SLE patients, and patients with high disease activity and cutaneous eruption show increased risk of DED

The pan-inhibitor of Aurora kinases danusertib induces apoptosis and autophagy and suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells

Danusertib (Danu) is a pan-inhibitor of Aurora kinases and a third-generation breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Bcr-Abl) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but its antitumor effect and underlying mechanisms in the treatment of human breast cancer remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Danu on the growth, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the molecular mechanisms in human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results demonstrated that Danu remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressed EMT in both breast cancer cell lines. Danu arrested MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in G2/M phase, accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1 and upregulation of p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53. Danu significantly decreased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xl) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), but increased the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and promoted the cleavage of caspases 3 and 9. Furthermore, Danu significantly increased the expression levels of the membrane-bound microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-II) and beclin 1 in breast cancer cells, two markers for autophagy. Danu induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) and inhibited the activation of protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Treatment with wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) markedly inhibited Danu-induced activation of p38 MAPK and conversion of cytosolic LC3-I to membrane-bound LC3-II. Pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of p38 MAPK suppressed Akt activation, resulting in LC3-II accumulation and enhanced autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Erk1/2 also remarkably increased the level of LC3-II in MCF7 cells. Moreover, Danu inhibited EMT in both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with upregulated E-cadherin and zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) but downregulated N-cadherin, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (TCF8/ZEB1), snail, slug, vimentin, and β-catenin. Notably, Danu showed lower cytotoxicity toward normal breast epithelial MCF10A cells. These findings indicate that Danu promotes cellular apoptosis and autophagy but inhibits EMT in human breast cancer cells via modulation of p38 MAPK/Erk1/2/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Danu may represent a promising anticancer agent for breast cancer treatment. More studies are warranted to fully delineate the underlying mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of Danu in breast cancer therapy

Aerosols in the E3SM Version 1: New Developments and Their Impacts on Radiative Forcing

The new Energy Exascale Earth System Model Version 1 (E3SMv1) developed for the U.S. Department of Energy has significant new treatments of aerosols and lightâ absorbing snow impurities as well as their interactions with clouds and radiation. This study describes seven sets of new aerosolâ related treatments (involving emissions, new particle formation, aerosol transport, wet scavenging and resuspension, and snow radiative transfer) and examines how they affect global aerosols and radiative forcing in E3SMv1. Altogether, they give a reduced total aerosol radiative forcing (â 1.6 W/m2) and sensitivity in cloud liquid water to aerosols, but an increased sensitivity in cloud droplet size to aerosols. A new approach for H2SO4 production and loss largely reduces a low bias in small particles concentrations and leads to substantial increases in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations and cloud radiative cooling. Emitting secondary organic aerosol precursor gases from elevated sources increases the column burden of secondary organic aerosol, contributing substantially to global clearâ sky aerosol radiative cooling (â 0.15 out of â 0.5 W/m2). A new treatment of aerosol resuspension from evaporating precipitation, developed to remedy two shortcomings of the original treatment, produces a modest reduction in aerosols and cloud droplets; its impact depends strongly on the model physics and is much stronger in E3SM Version 0. New treatments of the mixing state and optical properties of snow impurities and snow grains introduce a positive presentâ day shortwave radiative forcing (0.26 W/m2), but changes in aerosol transport and wet removal processes also affect the concentration and radiative forcing of lightâ absorbing impurities in snow/ice.Plain Language SummaryAerosol and aerosolâ cloud interactions continue to be a major uncertainty in Earth system models, impeding their ability to reproduce the observed historical warming and to project changes in global climate and water cycle. The U.S. DOE Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1), a stateâ ofâ theâ science Earth system model, was developed to use exascale computing to address the grand challenge of actionable predictions of variability and change in the Earth system critical to the energy sector. It has been publicly released with new treatments in many aspects, including substantial modifications to the physical treatments of aerosols in the atmosphere and lightâ absorbing impurities in snow/ice, aimed at reducing some known biases or correcting model deficiencies in representing aerosols, their life cycle, and their impacts in various components of the Earth system. Compared to its predecessors (without the new treatments) and observations, E3SMv1 shows improvements in characterizing global distributions of aerosols and their radiative effects. We conduct sensitivity experiments to understand the impact of individual changes and provide guidance for future development of E3SM and other Earth system models.Key PointsA description and assessment of new aerosol treatments in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Version 1 (E3SMv1) is providedContributions to the total aerosolâ related radiative forcing by individual new treatments and different processes are quantifiedSome of the new treatments are found to depend on model physics and require further improvement for E3SM or other Earth system modelsPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153241/1/jame21034-sup-0001-Figure_SI-S01.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153241/2/jame21034.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153241/3/jame21034_am.pd