Analysis of pervasive mobile ad hoc routing protocols

Pervasive computing (also referred to as ubiquitous computing or ambient intelligence) aims to create environments where computers are invisibly and seamlessly integrated and connected into our everyday environment. Pervasive computing and intelligent multimedia technologies are becoming increasingly important, although many potential applications have not yet been fully realized. These key technologies are creating a multimedia revolution that will have significant impact across a wide spectrum of consumer, business, healthcare, and governmental domains. This useful volume provides up-to-date and state-of-the-art coverage of the diverse topics related to pervasive computing and intelligent multimedia technologies. The use of different computational intelligence-based approaches to various problems in pervasive computing are examined, including video streaming, intelligent behavior modeling and control for mobile manipulators, tele-gaming, indexing video summaries for quick video browsing, web service processes, virtual environments, ambient intelligence, and prevention and detection of attacks to ubiquitous databases. Topics and features: -Includes a comprehensive overview, providing a thorough literature review and an outline of the important research challenges -Discusses pervasive computing approaches in the context of intelligent multimedia -Examines virtual reality technology, mobile virtual environments, and the potential use of intelligent multimedia and ubiquitous computing in the hotels of the future -Describes various approaches in ambient intelligence for home health care for the elderly and those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, for volcano monitoring, and for preventing attacks to ubiquitous databases Investigates issues in web services and situation awareness in pervasive computing environments -Explores wireless network applications, such as mobile agents and e-commerce

Contribution of noncanonical antigens to virulence and adaptive immunity in human infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) contributes significantly to the substantial burden of infectious diarrhea among children living in low- and middle-income countries. In the absence of a vaccine for ETEC, children succumb to acute dehydration as well as nondiarrheal sequelae related to these infections, including malnutrition. The considerable diversity of ETEC genomes has complicated canonical vaccine development approaches defined by a subset of ETEC pathovar-specific antigens known as colonization factors (CFs). To identify additional conserved immunogens unique to this pathovar, we employed an “open-aperture” approach to capture all potential conserved ETEC surface antigens, in which we mined the genomic sequences of 89 ETEC isolates, bioinformatically selected potential surface-exposed pathovar-specific antigens conserved in more than 40% of the genomes (n = 118), and assembled the representative proteins onto microarrays, complemented with known or putative colonization factor subunit molecules (n = 52) and toxin subunits. These arrays were then used to interrogate samples from individuals with acute symptomatic ETEC infections. Surprisingly, in this approach, we found that immune responses were largely constrained to a small number of antigens, including individual colonization factor antigens and EtpA, an extracellular adhesin. In a Bangladeshi cohort of naturally infected children <2 years of age, both EtpA and a second antigen, EatA, elicited significant serologic responses that were associated with protection from symptomatic illness. In addition, children infected with ETEC isolates bearing either etpA or eatA genes were significantly more likely to develop symptomatic disease. These studies support a role for antigens not presently targeted by vaccines (noncanonical) in virulence and the development of adaptive immune responses during ETEC infections. These findings may inform vaccine design efforts to complement existing approaches

Effective video streaming using Mesh P2P with MDC over MANETs

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming and Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have turned out to be two of the most active research areas for pervasive computing. These areas were developed independently of each other with the result that there is insufficient verification of whether the P2P distribution paradigm and specifically P2P real-time video streaming would work on MANETs. In this paper, we demonstrate that mesh-based P2P streaming together with Multiple Description Coding (MDC) over MANETs effectively provides real-time video streaming. MDC, a promising video coding technique, is emerging as an alternative way to improve video quality for both P2P over an internet and for MANET applications. This paper shows that mesh-based P2P when combined with MDC results in improvement in delivered video quality making it acceptable for ad hoc networks. For that purpose, the GloMoSim simulator was modified to support mesh-based P2P and MDC. This kind of video streaming will be useful for many ad hoc applications such as search and rescue applications, military applications, inter-vehicular communication, and video conferencing

Peer-to-peer over mobile ad hoc networks

In this chapter we review various approaches for the convergence of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), identifying strengths and weaknesses, and putting things in perspective. P2P and MANETs are among the most active research topics in pervasive computing. The convergence of P2P networks and MANETs would allow existing P2P applications such as P2P file sharing and P2P streaming to benefit from the ubiquitous connectivity of ad-hoc. A P2P network over an ad-hoc infrastructure is a powerful combination that provides users with means to access different kinds of information anytime and anywhere. Realizing such a system is, however, not straightforward

Peer-to-peer over mobile ad hoc networks

In this chapter we review various approaches for the convergence of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), identifying strengths and weaknesses, and putting things in perspective. P2P and MANETs are among the most active research topics in pervasive computing. The convergence of P2P networks and MANETs would allow existing P2P applications such as P2P file sharing and P2P streaming to benefit from the ubiquitous connectivity of ad-hoc. A P2P network over an ad-hoc infrastructure is a powerful combination that provides users with means to access different kinds of information anytime and anywhere. Realizing such a system is, however, not straightforward

Mesh based P2P streaming over MANETs

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems and Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have been the subject of intensive studies in recent years. These two areas have, however, developed independently from each other so there is not sufficient data to verify whether the P2P distribution paradigm, specifically real-time streaming, would work on MANETs. This article reports our initial findings, based on the simulation of mesh-based P2P streaming over a popular MANET protocol. We analyze the effects that node density, node number, and node speed have on three factors bearing a crucial impact on the quality of experience in real-time streaming, i.e. packet loss, end-to-end delay, and routing signalling overheads. We find that highly-dense MANETs would be able to sustain P2P streams if it wasn't for the excessive level of packet loss. Signalling overheads are well below the acceptability threshold recommended in ordinary management systems (i.e. 5%)

Analysis of pervasive mobile ad hoc routing protocols

Pervasive computing (also referred to as ubiquitous computing or ambient intelligence) aims to create environments where computers are invisibly and seamlessly integrated and connected into our everyday environment. Pervasive computing and intelligent multimedia technologies are becoming increasingly important, although many potential applications have not yet been fully realized. These key technologies are creating a multimedia revolution that will have significant impact across a wide spectrum of consumer, business, healthcare, and governmental domains. This useful volume provides up-to-date and state-of-the-art coverage of the diverse topics related to pervasive computing and intelligent multimedia technologies. The use of different computational intelligence-based approaches to various problems in pervasive computing are examined, including video streaming, intelligent behavior modeling and control for mobile manipulators, tele-gaming, indexing video summaries for quick video browsing, web service processes, virtual environments, ambient intelligence, and prevention and detection of attacks to ubiquitous databases. Topics and features: -Includes a comprehensive overview, providing a thorough literature review and an outline of the important research challenges -Discusses pervasive computing approaches in the context of intelligent multimedia -Examines virtual reality technology, mobile virtual environments, and the potential use of intelligent multimedia and ubiquitous computing in the hotels of the future -Describes various approaches in ambient intelligence for home health care for the elderly and those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, for volcano monitoring, and for preventing attacks to ubiquitous databases Investigates issues in web services and situation awareness in pervasive computing environments -Explores wireless network applications, such as mobile agents and e-commerce

Mesh based P2P streaming over MANETs

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems and Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have been the subject of intensive studies in recent years. These two areas have, however, developed independently from each other so there is not sufficient data to verify whether the P2P distribution paradigm, specifically real-time streaming, would work on MANETs. This article reports our initial findings, based on the simulation of mesh-based P2P streaming over a popular MANET protocol. We analyze the effects that node density, node number, and node speed have on three factors bearing a crucial impact on the quality of experience in real-time streaming, i.e. packet loss, end-to-end delay, and routing signalling overheads. We find that highly-dense MANETs would be able to sustain P2P streams if it wasn't for the excessive level of packet loss. Signalling overheads are well below the acceptability threshold recommended in ordinary management systems (i.e. 5%)