Evaluating the anti-leech effects of tobacco methanolic extract compared with succinyle choline and some other anti-parasite drugs

زمینه و هدف: زالوها جزء راسته آنالیدا هستند که50 نوع از آن از خون پستانداران تغذیه می کنند. آلودگی به زالو باعث عوارضی شامل: کم خونی شدید، خونریزی، افزایش حساسیت و واکنش آنافیلاکتیک می شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر تعدادی از داروهای شیمیایی و گیاهی بر زالو گونه لیمناتیس نیلوتیکا انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی ابتدا تعداد 100 عدد زالو از جنس لیمناتیس نیلوتیکا تهیه و اثر عصاره متانولی تنباکو و داروهای مبندازول، سوکسینیل کولین، مترونیدازول، تریکلابندازول، لوامیزول، نیکلوزاماید و یک تیمار با آب مقطر بر زالو مطالعه شد. حرکات و اثرات داروها به مدت 720 دقیقه مورد مشاهده و بررسی قرار گرفت و زمان فلجی و مرگ زالو ثبت می گشت. یافته ها: با بررسی فلجی و مرگ زالو مشخص شد عصاره متانولی تنباکو با دوز 600 میلی گرم با میانگین 17 دقیقه باعث مرگ زالوها می شود. داروهای تریکلابندازول با میانگین 66/118 دقیقه، لوامیزول با 7 دقیقه، نیکلوزاماید با 66/18 دقیقه و مترونیدازول با 11/541 دقیقه باعث مرگ زالوها شدند. نتیجه گیری: میانگین زمانی نسبتاً کوتاه فلجی و مرگ زالو توسط عصاره متانولی تنباکو و داروهای لوامیزول، نیکلوزاماید، تریکلابندازول نشان از اثرات ضد زالویی این داروها می باشد و ممکن است بتوان از آنها در موارد آلودگی انسانی با زالو گونه لیمناتیس نیلوتیکا استفاده نمود

Risk factors and short-term complications of high-grade intraventricular hemorrhages in preterm neonates in training hospitals of Alborz

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to determine risk factors and short-term complications of high-grade intraventricular hemorrhages (IVHs) in preterm neonates. Other topics of investigation include the increase in complications of IVH with its severity and the effect of IVH risk factors on the severity of IVH.Materials & Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 436 consecutive preterm neonates with high-grade (3, 4) IVHs admitted in training hospitals of Alborz University in Karaj, Iran, from 2012 to 2017. The risk factors and short-term complications were assessed and analyzed in the subjects by SPSS 19. Results Out of 10 000 eligible neonates, we identified 1203 premature infants with IVH. A total of 436 infants with IVH grades 3 and 4 were allocated to the case group. The control group consisted of 767 infants with IVH grades 1 and 2. This study revealed that the most common risk factors of IVH include lack of corticosteroid use in 67.2%, low Apgar score in 10%, and surfactant use in 5.7% of the patients. Ten percent (31 cases) had short-term complications (18 hydrocephalus and 13 death cases). Male gender (P = .006) and lower gestational age (P = .0001) contributed to higher grades of IVH. Conclusion According to the results obtained in this study, it may be concluded that the lack of corticosteroid use is the most common risk factor for IVH, and short-term complications may be seen in one-tenth of the cases

Predicting mortality rate of patients in critical care unit using APACHE-II index.

Abstract: Background and Objective: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II classification system has been extensively used for predicting the patient mortality in various diseases admission in ICU ward. The aim of this study was to assess the predicting mortality rate of patients in critical care unit using APACHE-II index. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done on 204 hospitalized patients with multiple diagnostic diseases admitted to ICU ward in Gazvin Kusar hospital during 2007. We used than

The Relationship between Motor Function and Behavioral Function in Infants with Low Birth Weight

How to Cite This Article: Amini M, Aliabadi F, Alizade M, Kalani M, Qorbani M. The Relationship between Motor Function and Behavioral Function in Infants with Low Birth Weight. Iran J Child Neurol. Autumn 2016; 10(4):49-55. AbstractObjectiveNowadays, the evaluation of all aspects of infant development is important. However, in practice, some of these assessments, especially those requiring more manipulation on high-risk infants, may impose additional stress on them.Therefore, sometimes it is essential to utilize the results of a developmental assessment for the prediction of some other aspects of development. This study evaluated the relationship between the scores of the behavioral tests and the motor function test. Materials & MethodsThis cross-sectional study and was undertaken in the Neonatal Intensive Care Center and Clinic of Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital, Tehran, Iran. A group of 50 infants with low birth weights was selected based on the easy non-contingency method and the inclusion criteria, and served as the participants. In order to assess the motor function and the behavioral performance, the motor function test (a test of infant motor performance (TIMP)) and the neonatal behavioral assessment scale (neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS)) were used respectively. TIMP has both stimulation and observation sections. The items include habituation, social interaction, motor system, state organization, state regulation, autonomic system, smile, supplementary items, and the reflex. ResultsNo significant association was found between the items of the habituation of behavioral testing and the observation of the movement test. There was no statistically significant relationship between the habituation and stimulation sections as well as between the system autonomous of the behavioral test and the observation section of the motor test (P>0.05). The relationship between other variables was statistically significant (P<0.05). ConclusionThe scores of some behavioral performance items could be a good predictor of the scores of the motor function items for low birth weight infants in the neonatal period. References1. Wright-Ott C. Mobility. In: Case-smith J, editors. Occupational Therapy for Children. 5th ed. USA: Mosbey; 2005.P. 657-684.2. Case-smith J. Fine motor outcomes in preschool children who receive occupational therapy services. Am J Occup Ther 1996;50(6):466-74.3. Soleimani F, Zaheri F, Abdi F. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after preterm birth. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014;16(6):1-8.4. Hunter JG. Neonatal Intensive Care Unite. In: Case-smith J, editors. Occupational Therapy for Children. 5th ed. USA: Mosbey; 2005.P. 688-754.5. Arpino C, Compagnone E, Montanaro ML, Cacciatore D, De Luca A, Cerulli A, Di Girolamo S, Curatolo P. Preterm birth and neurodevelopmental outcome: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;50:10-20.6. Pedersen SJ, Sommerfelt K, Markestad T. Early motor development of premature infants with birthweight less than 2000 grams. Acta Pediatr 2000;89:1450-61.7. Aliabadi F, Amini M, Alizade M, Kalani M, Qorbani M. Prediction of infant motor performance through performance evaluation of behavior. J Modern Rehab 2011;5 (3): 54-59.8. Orton J, Spittle A, Doyle L, Anderson P, Boyd R. Do early intervention programs improve cognitive and motor outcomes for preterm infants after discharge: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51(11):851-9.9. Spittle AJ, Doyle LW, Boyd RN. A systematic review of clinimetric properties of neuromotor assessment for preterm infants during the first year of life. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008;50(10):254-66.10. Brazeltone B. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. 3rd ed. University of Masschusetts and Harvard Medical School: Mac Keit Press; 1995. 8-10, 67, P. 104-5.11. Falk B, Eliakim A, Dotan R, Liebermann DG, Regev R, Bar-Or O. Birth weight and physical ability in 5- to -8-yr old healthy children born prematurely. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29(9):1124-30.12. Burns Y, O’Callaghan M, McDonell B, Rogers Y. Movement and motor development in ELBW infant at 1 year is related to cognitive and motor abilities at 4 years. Early Hum Dev 2004;80:19-29.13. Tavasoli A, Aliabadi F, Eftekhari R. Motor Developmental Status of Moderately Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants. Iran J Pediatr 2014;24 (5), 581-586.14. Islam M. The Effects of Low Birth Weight on School Performance and Behavioral Outcomes of Elementary School Children in Oman. Oman Med J 2015;30(4):241-51.15. Ohgi S, Arisawa K, Takahashi T, Kusumoto T, Goto Y, Akiyama T, Saito H. Neonatal behavioral assessment scale as a predictor of later developmental disabilities of low-birth weight and/or premature infants. Brain Dev 2003;25:313-21.16. Ho YB, Lee RS, Chow CB, Pang MY. Impact of massage therapy on motor outcomes in very low-birth weight infants: Randomized controlled pilot study. Pediatr Int 2010; 52(3):378-85.17. Craciunoiu O, Holsti L. A Systematic Review of the Predictive Validity of Neurobehavioral Assessments During the Preterm Period. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2016; 17:1-16.18. Tirosh E, Abadi J, Berger A, Cohen A. Relationship between neonatal behavior and subsequent temperament. Acta Pediatr 1992;81(8):29-31

In vivo evaluation of antiparasitic effects of Artemisia abrotanum and Salvia officinalis extracts on Syphacia obvelata, Aspiculoris tetrapetra and Hymenolepis nana parasites

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Salvia officinalis and Artemisia abrotanum extracts against digestive system parasites of mice. Methods: The ethanol extract was prepared and dissolved in distilled water. The mebendazole was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. After counting eggs per gram feces, infected mice with 16 eggs per gram feces contained two to three parasites of Syphacia obvelata, Aspicoloris terepetra and Hymenolipis nana designated in 4 groups. The first group was given extracts of Artemisia (150 mg/kg), the second group was given Salvia extract (150 mg/kg), the third group was given mebendazole (10 mg/kg) and finally the fourth group was given distilled water (2 mL/kg). Results: The ethanol extracts of Artemisia and Salvia plants reduced the number of parasite eggs per gram of feces. Results showed significant reduction (P-value<0.001) in the number of eggs excreted by Hymenolepis nana, Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata in mice. Conclusions: These results revealed that antiparasitic effects of Artemisia and Salvia are reasonable and these two plants might be used as antiparasitic natural products. © 2014 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press

The effect of family centered empowerment model on the quality of life in elderly people

Background: the proportion of older adults in the population continues to grow in the developing countries. In addition, in elderly persons decrease quality of life in geriatric because of several factors, such as, low physical activity and impairment in mobility. Objective: This study was performed to assess the effect of family centered empowerment model on the quality of life in charmahalobakhtiari elderly people Methods: This quasi- experimental study was conducted older adults in 2007-2008. In this study 60 elderly

Effect of progressive muscle relaxation program on self-efficacy and quality of life in caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis

Background: MS is a disease of the central nervous system affecting all economic, financial, social, and emotional aspects of individual, family, and community. Performing continuous care leads to chronic stress in caregivers of patients and this in turn threatens their self-efficacy and quality of life. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on self-efficacy and quality of life in caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: This was a controlled clinical trial in which 70 family caregivers of MS patients were investigated. The study population was divided into two age- and sex-matched case and control groups. Progressive muscle relaxation techniques were employed for the case group for three months (90 sessions) and its application was followed using a self-report checklist. After three months, selfefficacy and quality of life questionnaires were re-filled by members of both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and presumption statistical tests while a p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Findings: Paired t-test showed a significant difference in self efficacy and quality of life for family caregivers of case group three months after intervention (p=0.001). On the contrary, no significant difference regarding the efficacy and quality of life in family caregivers of MS patients in control group was found (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Several interventions such as progressive muscle relaxation program with low cost, good safety and effect can help reduce the stress of family caregivers of patients in particular those with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and thus leading to an increase in their self-efficacy, care quality, and quality of life

Childhood Overweight and Obesity and Associated Factors in Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis; the CASPIAN-IV Study

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to explore multidimensional factors related to childhood obesity and overweight based on the data gathered on different aspects of the general health status were assessed among a large number of Iranian children and adolescents in the fourth phase of the “Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease” survey. It also aims to determine the degree to which each ecological context contributes to childhood overweight/obesity.Method: A total of 14,880 students and their parents were recruited. They filled out a questionnaire on their relationship with peers, body image, and psychosocial environment of school, dietary habits, life-style habits, physical activity pattern and socioeconomic status (SES). Their height, weight, was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity and overweight was defined based on the WHO growth chart. Multilevel modeling using three-level random intercept logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of overweight and obesity. In our hierarchical models, children (first level) were conceptualized as being nested within provinces (second level) and provinces within quad regions (third level).Result: From among the 13,486 recruited students, 9.7% were overweight and 11.9% were obese. In multivariate model (adjusted model), being boy (OR:1.58), living in urban area (OR:1.58), having positive family history of obesity (OR = 2.04), breakfast skipping (OR: 1.46), socioeconomic status (OR moderateSES/lowSES = 1.44 and OR highSES/lowSES = 1.89), and birth weight (BW) (OR normalBW/lowBW = 1.33 and OR highBW/lowBW = 1.8) were associated with childhood obesity. Increasing age was the only factor in the obesity model that had a significant preventive effect on the odds of becoming obese (OR = 0.96, P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate model, living in urban area, increasing age, high and moderate SES, high BW and family history of obesity were the significant predictors of overweight.Conclusion: Our findings show that high BW, sociodemographic characteristics, breakfast skipping, and family history of obesity are associated with childhood obesity and overweight. Therefore, developing strategies that consider the effects of diverse sociodemographic and environmental factors on childhood overweight and obesity would be the most effective way to prevent and manage this multifactorial health concern