Lenalidomide regulates CNS autoimmunity by promoting M2 macrophages polarization

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating neurological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by infiltration of leukocytes into CNS and subsequent demyelination. Emerging evidences have revealed the beneficial roles of M2 macrophages in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. Here, we identify that lenalidomide alone could promote macrophages M2 polarization to prevent the progression of EAE, which is associated with subsequent inhibition of proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells both in peripheral lymph system and CNS. Depletion of macrophages by pharmacology treatment of clodronate liposomes or transferring lenalidomide-induced BMDMs in EAE mice completely abolished the therapeutic effect of lenalidomide or prevented EAE development, respectively. The macrophages-derived IL10 was upregulated both in vivo and in vitro after lenalidomide treatment. Moreover, lenalidomide-treated IL10-dificient EAE mice had higher clinical scores and more severe CNS damage, and intravenous injection of lenalidomide-treated IL10BMDMs into mice with EAE at disease onset did not reverse disease severity, implying IL10 may be essential in lenalidomide-ameliorated EAE. Mechanistically, lenalidomide significantly increased expression and autocrine secretion of IL10, subsequently activated STAT3-mediated expression of Ym1. These studies facilitate the development of potential novel therapeutic application of lenalidomide for the treatment of MS

Synthesis of the Getter for Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) used on Marine Reefer Containers

Accurate determination of components released from the VIP is crucial to the selection of the getter that is vital to maintaining its performance of insulation. In this paper, in observation of application of the VIP on marine reefer containers, the VIPs co-developed in our lab were undertaken gas chromatography-mass spectrometer tests to detect the pyrolysis gases released from VIPs at the working condition similar to that of marine reefer containers, and analysis of the composition of the getter was performed by employing the SEM and EDS. It shows that the composite, which was developed by incipient wetness impregnation of cupric nitrate solution on the activated carbon having a high specific surface area, performs well in adsorbing ethylene and propylene from pyrolyzed substances. It is also demonstrated that the as-prepared composite can limit the possibility of hardening of the getter from adsorption of the water vapor. Conclusions are drawn that the getter developed from activated carbon by loading catalytic metal is suitable for VIPs used on marine reefer containers

Synthesis of the Getter for Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) used on Marine Reefer Containers

Accurate determination of components released from the VIP is crucial to the selection of the getter that is vital to maintaining its performance of insulation. In this paper, in observation of application of the VIP on marine reefer containers, the VIPs co-developed in our lab were undertaken gas chromatography-mass spectrometer tests to detect the pyrolysis gases released from VIPs at the working condition similar to that of marine reefer containers, and analysis of the composition of the getter was performed by employing the SEM and EDS. It shows that the composite, which was developed by incipient wetness impregnation of cupric nitrate solution on the activated carbon having a high specific surface area, performs well in adsorbing ethylene and propylene from pyrolyzed substances. It is also demonstrated that the as-prepared composite can limit the possibility of hardening of the getter from adsorption of the water vapor. Conclusions are drawn that the getter developed from activated carbon by loading catalytic metal is suitable for VIPs used on marine reefer containers

Defining Essential Enhancers for Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Features-Oriented CRISPR-Cas9 Screen

10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108309Cell Reports33410830