Modern Techniques for Cervical Cancer Radiotherapy

Cervical cancer is a socially significant illness often impacting women of reproductive and working age. The patients’ young age and social activity warrant the development of effective and safe therapies.The past decades have witnessed the novel radiation techniques to contain cervical cancer: 3DCRT-3D, IMRT, and VMAT, adaptive radiotherapy, CT/MRI-guided intracavitary radiation, combined interstitial and intracavitary radiation, abandoning intracavitary intervention for external beam delivery with sequential or concurrent cervical dose escalation, under brachytherapy unfeasible.Modern equipment and treatment planning systems allow a high dose delivery to the tumour and intracavitary treatment with visual control of the target and organs at risk. Combining of intracavitary and interstitial radiotherapy enables a better dose coverage of the target at a minimal radiation impact on organs at risk.Phasing-out of intracavitary for external radiotherapy may enable a cancericide dose delivery to the tumour under intractable intracavitary treatment.The major goal of technic novelties is the establishment of personalised radiotherapy for improving treatment outcomes and reducing the incidence and/or severity of radiation side effects. The article overviews the radiotherapy techniques for cervical cancer treatment and routes of their development

Современные методы лучевой терапии рака шейки матки

Cervical cancer is a socially significant illness often impacting women of reproductive and working age. The patients’ young age and social activity warrant the development of effective and safe therapies.The past decades have witnessed the novel radiation techniques to contain cervical cancer: 3DCRT-3D, IMRT, and VMAT, adaptive radiotherapy, CT/MRI-guided intracavitary radiation, combined interstitial and intracavitary radiation, abandoning intracavitary intervention for external beam delivery with sequential or concurrent cervical dose escalation, under brachytherapy unfeasible.Modern equipment and treatment planning systems allow a high dose delivery to the tumour and intracavitary treatment with visual control of the target and organs at risk. Combining of intracavitary and interstitial radiotherapy enables a better dose coverage of the target at a minimal radiation impact on organs at risk.Phasing-out of intracavitary for external radiotherapy may enable a cancericide dose delivery to the tumour under intractable intracavitary treatment.The major goal of technic novelties is the establishment of personalised radiotherapy for improving treatment outcomes and reducing the incidence and/or severity of radiation side effects. The article overviews the radiotherapy techniques for cervical cancer treatment and routes of their development.Рак шейки матки является социально значимым заболеванием и часто диагностируется у женщин репродуктивного и работоспособного возраста. Молодой и социально активный возраст данных пациентов делает необходимым разработку эффективных и безопасных методов лечения.За последние десятилетия появились новые методики лучевого лечения рака шейки матки: внедрение 3DCRT-3D, IMRT и VMAT, адаптивная лучевая терапия, планирование внутриполостного облучения по КТ/МРТ-изображениям, комбинирование внутритканевой и внутриполостной лучевой терапии, замена внутриполостного этапа лучевой терапии дистанционным компонентом с последовательной или одновременной эскалацией дозы на шейку матки при невозможности проведения брахитерапии.Современное оборудование и системы планирования позволяют подводить высокие дозы на опухоль, проводить внутриполостную лучевую терапию под визуальным контролем мишени и органов риска. Комбинация внутриполостной и внутритканевой лучевой терапии дает возможность лучшего охвата мишени дозой, максимально исключая органы риска из зоны облучения.Замена внутриполостного этапа лучевой терапии дистанционным компонентом может дать возможность подвести канцерицидную дозу к опухоли при невозможности проведения внутриполостного лечения.Целью поиска и внедрения новых методик является персонифицированная оптимизация лучевой терапии для улучшения результатов лечения, снижения частоты и/или выраженности побочных эффектов радиотерапии. В данной статье представлен обзор методов лучевого лечения рака шейки матки и направлений их развития

U/Pb Age of detrital zircons from sandstones of the upper emsian diamond takaty formation of the Western Urals

The first results of U/Pb (LA-ICP-MS) dating of detrital zircons from quartz sandstones of the Devonian Takaty Formation are presented. The obtained ages span a range from 1857.5 ± 53.8 to 3054.0 ± ± 48.0 Ma. The vast «gap» (~1.5 Ga) between sedimentary age of Takaty Formation and the age of the youngest zircon grain is fixed. A comparison of known ages of crystalline complexes from the Volga-Uralian part of East-European Platform with obtained ages of detrital zircons from Takaty Formation supports the «Volgo-Uralian» origin of the zircons. This implies the existence of a previously unknown stage of kimberlitic magmatism, much more ancient than the stage of kimberlitic magmatism formed diamonds in Arkhangelsk and Timan provinces

First results of U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Upper Ordovician sandstones of the Bashkir uplift (Southern Urals)

The first results of U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from Upper Ordovician sandstones of the Bashkir uplift in the Southern Urals and U–Pb isotopic ages available for detrital zircons from six stratigraphic levels of the Riphean–Paleozoic section of this region are discussed. It is established that the long (approximately 1.5 Ga) depositional history of sedimentary sequences of the Bashkir uplift includes a peculiar period lasting from the Late Vendian to the Emsian Age of the Early Devonian (0.55–0.41 Ga). This period is characterized by the following features: (1) prevalence of material from eroded Mesoproterozoic and Early Neoproterozoic crystalline complexes among clastics with ages atypical of the Volga–Urals segment of the East European Platform basement; (2) similarity of age spectra obtained for detrital zircons from different rocks of the period: Upper Vendian–Lower Cambrian lithic sandstones and Middle Ordovician substantially quartzose sandstones.6 page(s

Some general features of the Western Urals terrigenous deposits formation: Synthesis of U-Pb isotopic age data of detrital zircon and geochemical investigation of the sales and mudstones

The data on U-Pb-isotopic ages of detrital zircons from Riphean-Paleozoic and Early Triassic sandstones and geochemistry of shales and mudstones of the Western Urals are discussed. The ages of detrital zircons suggest that the sand material for sedimentary basins existed at the junction of the East European Platform and Urals during more than one and a half billion years, has been brought mainly from the platform. Tectonogenic sands (according F.J. Pettijohn and co-authors) as a part of the Western Urals sedimentary associations play a significant role only in Vendian and in the last third of the Paleozoic. During the rest of the time was dominated cratonogenic sands. According to clay rocks geochemical characteristics during the time from 1750 to 250 Ma, there are unidirectional trend in the composition of the erosion areas: increasing mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks which reached to maximum in Early Permian time