Assessing the possible use of hulled and naked oat grains as energy source

The paper is an analysis of the suitability of oat grains for energy purposes. The comparison covered two types of grain oats, hulled (Krezus variety) and naked (Polar variety), using varied nitrogen fertilization. The calorific value of the grains, including their ash content was determined. The study helped to demonstrate that oat grains exemplified excellent parameters, which advances its use for fuel purposes in power generation. The average calorific value obtained was 18.4 MJ kg-1, while the ash content was 2.28% of dry mass. Although increasing nitrogen fertilization restricted the grain’s calorific value, it did not lead to increases in the level of ash content. The Polar variety of naked oats was characterized by better suitability for energy purposes than the Krezus variety of hulled oats. The results obtained support the claim that oat grains can compete with other sources of raw materials for energy purposes

Reakcja oplewionej i nieoplewionej formy owsa na nawożenie dolistne

In agricultural practice, foliar fertilizers are applied in foliar additional plant feeding. Foliar additional feeding provides plants with nutrients in small doses which are immediately activated and uptaken by the leaves. The work presents the results of a strict field experiment set in 2009-2011 at the Didactic-Experimental Station of the University of Rzeszów in Krasne near Rzeszów. Response of naked (cultivar Cacko) and hulled (cultivar Bingo) oats grown on medium soil, good wheat complex to foliar fertilization with Bio-algeen S 90, Basfoliar 12-4-6+S, and Basfoliar 36 Extra was studied. Grain yield and chemical composition were determined, as well as canopy architecture. On the basis of the conducted research, it was demonstrated that foliar fertilizers caused an increase in oat grain yield. The highest yield was obtained after the application of Basfoliar 36 Extra and Basfoliar 12-4-6+S. Also positive effect of foliar additional feeding was found on the formation of such yield components as mass of 1000 grains and the mass and number of grains per panicle. It was demonstrated that the applied foliar fertilizers determined the decrease in protein content and increased the fat content in the grain. The most intense response occurred after the application of Bio-algeen S 90. Foliar fertilizers also diversified canopy architecture. After their application, an increase in the leaf area index (LAI) and a decrease in the mean tip angle (MTA) were demonstrated. The highest increase in LAI and decrease in MTA in both oat cultivars was found after the application of Basfoliar 36 Extra.W praktyce rolniczej nawozy dolistne stosuje się do pozakorzeniowego dokarmiania roślin. Poprzez dolistne dokarmianie dostarcza się roślinom składniki pokarmowe, w małych dawkach, które są natychmiast uruchamiane i pobierane przez liście. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki ścisłego doświadczenia polowego prowadzonego w latach 2009-2011 w Stacji Dydaktyczno-Badawczej w Krasnem k. Rzeszowa. Badano reakcje owsa nieoplewionego (odmiany Cacko) i oplewionego (odmiany Bingo) uprawia-nego na glebie średniej, kompleksu pszennego dobrego, na nawożenie dolistne prepara-tami Bio-algeen S 90, Basfoliar 12-4-6+S i Basfoliar 36 Extra. Określono plon i skład chemiczny ziarna oraz wskaźniki architektury łanu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że nawozy dolistne powodowały wzrost plonu ziarna owsa. Najwyższy plon otrzymano po zastosowaniu Basfoliaru 36 Extra i Basfoliaru 12-4-6+S. Stwierdzono także dodatni wpływ dolistnego dokarmiania na kształtowanie takich elementów składo-wych plonu, jak: masa 1000 ziaren, masa i liczba ziarna z wiechy. Wykazano, że apliko-wane nawozy dolistne decydowały o spadku zawartości białka, a zwiększały zawartość tłuszczu w ziarnie. Najintensywniej reakcja ta wystąpiła po zastosowaniu preparatu Bio-algeen S 90. Nawozy dolistne różnicowały także wskaźniki architektury łanu. Po ich zastosowaniu wykazano wzrost wskaźnika LAI i spadek MTA. Największy wzrost LAI i spadek MTA u obydwu odmian owsa wykazano po zastosowaniu Basfoliaru 36 Extra