Multi-antenna Remote Differential Monitoring System Based on a Single GNSS-over-fiber Architecture

In this study, we designed and demonstrated the performance of a multi-antenna remote differential monitoring system based on a single GNSS-over-fiber architecture. In this system, multiple GNSS signals are received by remote antennas through a microwave photonic link and are then transmitted to local end points. To enable fine positioning, we established a double differential model equation for use between the carrier phase of each remotely received signal and the reference GNSS signal, with the help of the time division mode using a high-speed optical switch. In our experiment, we established a 10 km microwave photonic link among three remote monitoring points. We estimate the resulting positioning accuracy to be within several millimeters and we obtained a response time of less than 10 ms. Compared with traditional single-antenna schemes, our designed system has significant advantages with respect to coverage area, real-time response time, and the performance cost of large-scale monitoring at no cost to the positioning accuracy. As such, this system will find important applications for the monitoring of large-scale civil engineering and natural environments

Further insight into systemic sclerosis from the vasculopathy perspective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysfunction, vascular system dysfunction, and tissue fibrosis. Vascular injury, vascular remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction are the hallmark pathological changes of the disease. In the early stages of SSc development, endothelial cell injury and apoptosis can lead to vascular and perivascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue hypoxia, which can cause clinical manifestations in various organs from the skin to the parenchymal organs. Early diagnosis and rational treatment can improve patient survival and quality of life. Ancillary examinations such as nailfold capillaroscopy as well as optical coherence tomography can help early detect vascular injury in SSc patients. Studies targeting the mechanisms of vascular lesions will provide new perspectives for treatment of SSc