Comparative study of Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate Dressing Versus Conventional Dressing in Non Diabetic Lowerlimb Ulcers at Coimbatore Medical College

INTRODUCTION: Lower limb ulcers are commonly encountered in general surgical practice and managing a lower limb ulcer is a great challenge to a general surgeon. Clinically we can classify leg ulcers broadly into diabetic and non-diabetic ulcers. The later includes varicose ulcers, traumatic ulcers, arterial ulcers like vasculitic ulcers, ulcers in Raynaud disease, Pressure sores. Day by day new ways of wound management is improving in general surgical practice. This study was done to test the efficacy of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment role in wound healing and to compare it with conventional methods. By doing so we can come to a conclusion on whether its use is significant or not in the ulcer management. The study group includes of 60 patients divided into two groups A and B respectively. Group A patients dressing done by using 0.2 glyceryl trinitrate ointment and group B patients dressing done in regular conventional way without using 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment. The wound outcomes are studied by using Bates Jensens wound assessment tool and scoring done on day 4,7,10 respectively and comparing both, the study results are concluded. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to test the role of 0.2% Glyceryl trinitrate ointment dressing in the management of leg ulcers by comparing it with conventional method of dressing. MATERIALS AND METHODS STUDY SETTING: This study was conducted at Coimbatore medical college during January 2017 to December 2017 PERIOD OF STUDY: 1 year. SAMPLE SIZE: The sample size is 60.By systemic random sampling it is divided in two groups A and B. Group A done dressing in conventional manner and 0.2% GTN ointment applied topically over the ulcer surface. Group B done dressing in conventional manner without the ointment. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patient admitted with lowerlimb ulcers during the period of January 2017 to December 2017 at Department of General Surgery, Coimbatore Medical College. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patient with features of sepsis, Any allergy to GTN, Pediatric age group, Diabetes Mellitus. SUMMARY: Management of wounds is always a challenging issue. Delayed healing of wounds is a major problem in the community; besides causing morbidity and disability in the patient, is a burden on our health resources. Therefore is a need for application of newer and advanced modalities in management of wounds. Glyceryl trinitrate ointment was recently concluded from various study, trails that it promotes wound healing. This study was done to test the role of GTN ointment in wound healing. Totally about 60 patients selected for the study. They are divided into two groups of 30 each.one group received 0.2% GTN ointment application along with conventional dressings, in control group only conventional dressing applied. The wound outcome were studied using Bates Jensen wound tool on day 4,7,10 and the results concluded as follows 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment application with conventional dressings significantly improve the wound healing compared to the conventional dressing alone. The mean duration of hospital stay in GTN ointment dressing group is less compared to conventional dressing group and is statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that, 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment application with conventional dressings significantly improve the wound healing compared to the conventional dressing alone. The mean duration of hospital stay in GTN ointment dressing group is less compared to conventional dressing group and is statistically significant

Mechanical, microstructural and fracture studies on inconel 825–SS316L functionally graded wall fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

Abstract This paper presents a novel method that uses the cold metal transfer based wire arc additive manufacturing process to fabricate functionally graded Inconel 825–SS316L walls. The optical micrograph of Inconel 825 exhibits continuous and discontinuous dendritic structures. The SS316L region comprises 5% of δ-ferrite in primary austenitic (γ) dendrites which was confirmed by the Creq/Nieq ratio of 1.305. The functionally graded interface reveals a partially mixed zone with a transition from the elongated dendrites to fine equiaxed dendrites. The tensile properties of the fabricated wall were determined at room temperature using specimens extracted from Inconel 825, SS316L, and the interface regions. The morphology of the tensile tested specimens revealed significant plastic deformation, indicating ductile failure. The fracture toughness of the wall was experimentally investigated by employing the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) test. The fracture morphology exhibited a ductile mode of fracture with striations perpendicular to the direction of crack development. Elemental mapping revealed that there was no evidence of elemental segregation on the fractured surfaces, and the elements were uniformly dispersed. The CTOD measures 0.853 mm, 0.873 mm on the Inconel 825 side and the SS316L side respectively. The test results confirm that both the Inconel 825 and SS316L sides have good fracture toughness

Effect of Scroll Pin Profile and Tool Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Submerged Friction Stir Processed AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

<div><p>In this study, an effort has been made to choose an appropriate tool pin profile and rotational speed for a tool using a submerged friction stir processed hot rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy. A defect free process region was obtained using a novel tool shoulder, which consisted of a scroll. Three tool pin profiles, namely, simple cylindrical, stepped cylindrical and stepped square pin have been used. Tensile properties and fracture behavior revealed defect free friction stir processed specimens. The microstructural studies reveal the possibility of producing a defect free processed region using the stepped square pin tool geometry. The presence of fine recrystallized grains (1.99 µm) and the absence of defects in the processed region lead to higher hardness and superior tensile properties.</p></div

Effect of Scroll Pin Profile and Tool Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Submerged Friction Stir Processed AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

<div><p>In this study, an effort has been made to choose an appropriate tool pin profile and rotational speed for a tool using a submerged friction stir processed hot rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy. A defect free process region was obtained using a novel tool shoulder, which consisted of a scroll. Three tool pin profiles, namely, simple cylindrical, stepped cylindrical and stepped square pin have been used. Tensile properties and fracture behavior revealed defect free friction stir processed specimens. The microstructural studies reveal the possibility of producing a defect free processed region using the stepped square pin tool geometry. The presence of fine recrystallized grains (1.99 µm) and the absence of defects in the processed region lead to higher hardness and superior tensile properties.</p></div