The Relationship Between Mallampati Score And Obesity With the Risk of OSAHS in Down Syndrome Children

Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) has commonly occured in Down syndrome children caused by the abnormalities in upper respiratory tract anatomy and obesity. This study aims to identify the correlation between Mallampati score and obesity and the risk of OSAHS in Down syndrome children. This was an analytical descriptive cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in children with Down syndrome from September until November 2017. All parents filled the Indonesian Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), then all of the children were examined for Mallampati score and BMI. The correlation was analyzed by the Pearson Chi-Square model. Thirty-six subjects were included in this study. The number of male subjects were slightly more (61.1%), the mean age of the subjects was 8.42±4,449 years, with 52.8% (19 subjects) having OSAHS. There were 23 subjects (63.9%) who had Mallampati scores of 3 and 4, with 13 subjects (36.1%) were obese. This study concluded a statistically significant correlation between Mallampati score and obesity and the risk of OSAHS in Down syndrome children (p-value 0.001 and 0.029). Mallampati score and obesity had a significant correlation with the risk of OSAHS in Down syndrome children. 

Sleep Disorder Prevalence and Influencing Factors in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Children with cerebral palsy are considered a population at risk for sleep disturbance. Various factors can cause sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy. This study investigates the relationship between endogenous factors and sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy. It was a cross-sectional analytical study using randomized sampling on children with cerebral palsy who met the inclusion criteria for the period of May–August 2017. The location of the study was special schools in the Bandung area, Indonesia. All participants were screened with the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire to determine the prevalence of period of sleep disorders. Data analysis was then performed using the unpaired t test to compare the characteristics of two variables with a p value≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Sixty-six subjects aged 8–14 years were recruited. The results showed that the prevalence of sleep disorders was 67% (32 children), with insomnia as the most common type of sleep disorder (39%). There was a significant association between motor disabilities type and sleep disorders (p≤0.05). The most common type of sleep disorder in children with cerebral palsy is insomnia. In conclusion, there is a relationship between motor disability type and sleep disorders in cerebral palsy children

Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 (SCA3) Patient with Peripheral Neuropathy

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 3 is a neurodegenerative disease which involves cerebellum and extra cerebellum. Neuropathy in SCA3 manifests in various ways, including axonal and demyelination lesions in sensory and motor nerves. There has not been any study that describes the peripheral neuropathy characteristics of SCA3 patients in Indonesia at the time of this publication. This paper reports a case of a 43-year-old male with known spinocerebellar ataxia 3 presented with hereditary ataxia and mild numbness in both palms since two years before. No abnormalities were found during the sensory examination. The NCS showed severe axonal demyelinating sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an atrophy in the cerebellum with cerebral multiple lacunar infarction was identified. Electrophysiological results revealed profound axonal lesion in peripheral nerves. To conclude, peripheral neuropathy in SCA3 represents the dominance of axonal lesions in motor nerves