Determinants of Successful Weight Loss in Low-Income African American Women: A Positive Deviance Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We set out to investigate the behaviors of low-income African American women who successfully lost weight. METHODS: From an urban, academic, family medicine practice, we used a mixed methods positive deviance approach to evaluate 35 low-income African American women who were obese and lost at least 10% of their maximum weight, and maintained this loss for 6 months, comparing them with 36 demographically similar control participants who had not lost weight. Survey outcomes included demographics and behaviors that were hypothesized to be related to successful weight loss. Interviews focused on motivations, barriers, and what made weight loss successful. Survey data were analyzed using t tests and linear regression for continuous outcomes and chi-square tests and logistic regression for categorical outcomes. Interviews were analyzed using a modified approach to grounded theory. RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, women in the positive deviant group were more likely to be making diet changes compared with those women who did not lose at least 10% of their initial body weight. Major themes from qualitative analyses included ( a) motivations (of health, appearance, quality of life, family, and epiphanies), ( b) opportunity (including time and support), ( c) adaptability. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study may be useful in developing motivational interviewing strategies for primary care providers working with similar high-risk populations

Overcoming Obesity: A Mixed Methods Study of the Impact of Primary Care Physician Counseling on Low-Income African American Women Who Successfully Lost Weight.

Purpose: Low-income, African American women are disproportionately impacted by obesity. Little is known about the interactions between low-income, African American women who successfully lost weight and their primary care physicians (PCPs). Design: Mixed methods, positive deviance study. Setting: Urban university-based family medicine practice. Participants: The positive deviance group comprised low-income, African American women who were obese, lost 10% body weight, and maintained this loss for 6 months. Measures: The PCP- and patient-reported weight-related variables collected through the electronic medical record (EMR), surveys, and interviews. Analysis: Logistic regression of quantitative variables. Qualitative analysis using modified grounded theory. Results: The EMR documentation by PCPs of dietary counseling and a weight-related medical problem were significant predictors of positive deviant group membership. Qualitative analyses of interviews revealed 5 major themes: framing obesity in the context of other health problems provided motivation; having a full discussion around weight management was important; an ongoing relationship with the physician was valuable; celebrating small successes was beneficial; and advice was helpful but self-motivation was necessary. Conclusion: The PCP counseling may be an important factor in promoting weight loss in low-income, African American women. Patients may benefit from their PCPs drawing connections between obesity and weight-related medical conditions and enhancing intrinsic motivation for weight loss

The Factors that Affect Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Residents in Urban Food Deserts

Food deserts are generally defined as areas of high poverty and low access to large grocery stores or supermarkets. Previous qualitative studies have focused on shoppers’ perceptions when purchasing fruits and vegetables, and the results show that the relationships between these multiple factors are complex. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the relationship between household and food environment characteristics, and fruit and vegetable consumption among residents of urban food deserts (N = 685). A multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict fruit and vegetable consumption from participant age, number of working household vehicles, and participants’ perceptions of food price, food quality, store quality and store safety. The full regression model was not statistically significant and the total variance explained by the model as a whole was 1.3%, F(6, 616) = 1.34, p = 0.238. Only two variables, store safety (β = -0.170, p = 0.009) and store quality (β = 0.139, p = 0.042), made unique statistically significant contributions to the model and they are strongly correlated (0.773, p \u3c 0.05). Unlike previous studies which linked participants’ concerns about personal safety with their willingness to visit certain establishments, this analysis found an inverse relationship between store safety, and fruit and vegetable consumption. As participants felt safer traveling to their neighborhood store, their fruit and vegetable consumption tended to decrease. This study also found that as store quality increased, fruit and vegetable consumption increased as well, which is supported by previous work. Presentation: 18 minute

Determinants of Successful Weight Loss in Low-Income African American Women: A Positive Deviance Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We set out to investigate the behaviors of low-income African American women who successfully lost weight. METHODS: From an urban, academic, family medicine practice, we used a mixed methods positive deviance approach to evaluate 35 low-income African American women who were obese and lost at least 10% of their maximum weight, and maintained this loss for 6 months, comparing them with 36 demographically similar control participants who had not lost weight. Survey outcomes included demographics and behaviors that were hypothesized to be related to successful weight loss. Interviews focused on motivations, barriers, and what made weight loss successful. Survey data were analyzed using t tests and linear regression for continuous outcomes and chi-square tests and logistic regression for categorical outcomes. Interviews were analyzed using a modified approach to grounded theory. RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, women in the positive deviant group were more likely to be making diet changes compared with those women who did not lose at least 10% of their initial body weight. Major themes from qualitative analyses included ( a) motivations (of health, appearance, quality of life, family, and epiphanies), ( b) opportunity (including time and support), ( c) adaptability. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study may be useful in developing motivational interviewing strategies for primary care providers working with similar high-risk populations