62 research outputs found

    Extraction, Purification and Characterization of an Antibiotic-like Compound Produced by Rhodococcus sp. MTM3W5.2

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    The bacterium Rhodococcus is a potential source for novel antimicrobial metabolites. Recently, the Rhodococcus strain MTM3W5.2 was isolated from a soil sample collected from Morristown, East Tennessee and was found to produce an inhibitor molecule that is active against similar Rhodococcus species. The aim of this research is to extract, purify, and characterize the active compound. The compound was obtained from both agar and broth cultures of strain MTM3W5.2 and purified by primary fractionation of crude extract on a Sephadex LH-20 column, followed by semi-preparative reversed phase column chromatography. Final purification was achieved using multiple rounds of an analytical C18 HPLC column. Based on the results obtained from UV-Vis, FT-IR, and HR-MS, the molecule is a polyketide with a molecular formula of C52H78O13 and an exact mass of 911.5490 amu. The partial structure of this compound has been determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy

    Morin Attenuates Haloperidol Induced Tardive Dyskinesia and Oxidative Stress in Mice

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    Antipsychotic treatment with classical neuroleptics in humans can produce a serious side effect, known as tardive dyskinesia (TD). TD, is most serious iatrogenic movement disorder, has been tentatively associated with nigrostriatal dopaminergic supersensitivity and with oxidative stress in brain region and the complete pathophysiology is still obscure. In the present study we investigated the effects of co-administration of morin (30 mg/kg b.w, for 14 days) and haloperidol (HP) (1.0 mg/kg i.p, once daily, for 14 days), as well as the effects of 14 days treatment with this dose of morin after withdrawal from HP in mice. Administration of HP led to significantly increased oxidative stress, reduced antioxidants, dopamine level and condensed behavior patterns (vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), narrow beam walking, akinesia, hang test and stride length measurement), reduced nigrostriatal dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT 2) and increase the inflammatory marker ?-actin  expressions. Pre-treatment with morin significantly reduces oxidative stress, improves dopamine level, ameliorate motor behavior and reversed expression of DAT, VMAT 2 and ?-actin in striatum. These results indicate that morin have bene?cial role in mitigating HP-induced damage of dopaminergic neurons, possibly via its neuroprotective and its antioxidant potential. Key words: tardive dyskinesia, iatrogenic, bradykinesia, nigrostriatal, antioxidan

    Virulence Characterization of Single-Zoospore Isolates of Sclerospora graminicola from Pearl Millet

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    S. graminicola, the causal agent of downy mildew in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), is well-known for variation in its virulence pattern. Nine single-zoospore isolates (Sg 026-Z-1 to Sg 026-Z-9) derived from an oosporic isolate Sg 026 from a pearl millet F1 hybrid cultivar Nath 4209 grown in a farmer's field in a village, Veelad, in Maharashtra State, India, and 3 controls (Sg 026, Field-1 and Field-2) were evaluated for their virulence in 2 experimental runs in a greenhouse. The isolates were maintained on pot-grown seedlings of a highly susceptible pearl millet line, 7042S, in a greenhouse through asexual (sporangial) generations. Pot-grown seedlings of 6 pearl millet potential differential lines/cultivars (7042S, NHB 3, MBH 110, ICMH 451, 843B and 852B) were spray-inoculated with a sporangial suspension (5×105 sporangia/ml) and maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2°C. Data were recorded for latent period (days) and disease incidence (%), from which a virulence index (incidence×latent period) was calculated to quantify disease-causing potential of isolates. Results indicated significant variation in latent period, incidence and virulence index among isolates. The isolates were classified into 4 distinct pathotype groups based on their virulence indices on 6 pearl millet lines. It is concluded that due to the significant variation for virulence in the S. graminicola population infecting Nath 4209, it is recommended that the hybrid be regularly monitored for downy mildew infection in farmers' fields, and be replaced by a resistant cultivar that is genetically unrelated to the parental lines of Nath 4209. This will help delay or avoid development of downy mildew epidemics and the resulting heavy loss to pearl millet farmers in the region

    Potassium fertilization in relation to downy mildew disease incidence in grape leaves

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    Influence of different sources of potassium and their method of application was studied on incidence of downy mildew infection in grape leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' (syn: 'Kishmish Chorni'). The total phenolic content and individual phenolic acids were analysed from healthy and downy mildew infected leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' and the degree of downy mildew infection was well correlated with potassium content in the petioles. Different sources and method of potassium application had significant effect on Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity and preformed phenols in healthy vines. Significant increase in PAL enzyme activity, total phenols and individual phenolic acids was registered with increase in disease severity. Magnitude of percent change in PAL enzyme activity and total phenolic content was highest in vines with maximum disease infection. Among the phenolic acids, o-Coumaric acid, p-Coumaric acid have a definite role in disease resistance. We could also observe the variation in disease severity in vines which received different sources of potassium which was supplied in different quantities whether through soil and/or through fertigation

    Inheritance and Allelic Relationship among Downy Mildew Resistance Genes in Pearl Millet

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    Pearl millet downy mildew (DM), caused by Sclerospora graminicola is of serious economic concern to pearl millet farmers in the major crop growing areas of the world. To study the inheritance and allelic relationship among genes governing resistance to this disease, three DM resistant pearl millet lines (834B, IP 18294-P1 and IP 18298-P1) and one susceptible line (81B) were selected on the basis of disease reaction under greenhouse conditions against two isolates of S. graminicola (Sg 526-1 and Sg 542-1). Three resistant parents were crossed with the susceptible parent to generate F1s, F2s and backcrosses BC1P1 (susceptible parent × F1) and BC1P2 (resistant parent × F1) for inheritance study. To carry out test for allelism, the three resistant parents were crossed with each other to generate F1s and F2s. The different generations of these crosses were screened for disease reaction against two isolates Sg 526-1 and Sg 542-1 by artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. The segregation pattern of resistance in the F2s, and corresponding backcross generations revealed that resistance to DM is controlled by a single dominant gene in 834B and IP 18294-P1, and by two dominant genes in IP 18298-P1. Test for allelism inferred that single dominant gene for resistance in 834B is non-allelic to that governs resistance in IP 18294-1; whereas one of the two dominant genes for DM resistance in IP 18298-P1 against the test isolates is allelic to gene for DM resistance in 834B and second gene is allelic to the resistance gene present in IP 18294-P1
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