English Loanwords in Tamil: Fix Illicit Consonant Clusters

Loanword adaptation has long proved field as an intriguing object of study.  Loanword borrowing often takes place within languages to fill the glossary of the new terminology. The direction of borrowing is primarily linked to the sociolinguistic status of a language in a community. In the scenario of Malaysia, Malay as a national language and English as a global language plays an essential role in the process of loanword adaptation, technologically, culturally and politically. English and Tamil languages have two disparate grammatical elements. Some grammatical rules accepted in English is illicit in Tamil. In particular, consonant clusters in the English language are prohibited in Tamil. Therefore, words borrowed from English into Tamil are subject to choose one of these two contradictory rules, whether adapt the consonant cluster in its authenticity or repairing to satisfy the grammar of the recipient language. The study results show that some borrowed English loan words obey Tamil grammar, while others violate the rules. This raises questions about the adaptation process's possible representational versus phonetic underpinnings. This paper examines the phonetic adaptation of  English loanwords in Tamil adaptation, focusing primarily on the process of vowel epenthesis. It finds that the place features of the epenthetic vowel overcome illegal consonant clusters. The paper concludes that the language-specific phonological phenomena are central to this process. Data for this research were obtained from Tamil short stories (2000-2016). Many studies have been conducted to examine loanword adaptation in Malaysian Tamil. However, this study explores the repairing process of phonetic variations in the adapted words

Group Reverse Nearest Neighbor Search using Modified Skip Graph

The reverse nearest neighbor search is used for spatial queries. The reverse nearest neighbor search, the object in high dimensional space has a certain region where all objects inside the region will think of query object as their nearest neighbor. The existing methods for reverse nearest neighbor search are limited to the single query point, which is inefficient for the high dimensional spatial databases etc. Therefore, in this paper we proposed a group reverse nearest neighbor search which can find multiple query objects in a specific region. In this paper we proposed method for group reverse nearest neighbor queries using modified skip graph

Image processing techniques for Lung Cancer Detection

Lung cancer is one of the dangerous disease which causes cancer deaths in the world. A cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that can be typically derived from a single abnormal cell. Cancerous cells can increase and affect whole part of the lungs. So, it is important to find cancerous cells at the earlier stage and take necessary steps to cure. Now-a-days Magnetic Resonance Imaging and computed tomography (CT) are finding the application computer aided diagnosis and treatment planning. In this paper we use CT scan images. A Computed Tomography(CT) scan of the lung nodule is one of the sensitive method for detecting lung cancer. In this paper proposed different automated nodule recognition systems using image segmentation, feature extraction and processing

Concurrent Access Algorithms for Different Data Structures: A Research Review

Algorithms for concurrent data structure have gained attention in recent years as multi-core processors have become ubiquitous. Several features of shared-memory multiprocessors make concurrent data structures significantly more difficult to design and to verify as correct than their sequential counterparts. The primary source of this additional difficulty is concurrency. This paper provides an overview of the some concurrent access algorithms for different data structures

Survival strategies adopted by microbusinesses during COVID-19 : An exploration of ethnic minority restaurants in Northern Finland

Peer reviewedPostprin

Robust recognition technique for handwritten Kannada character recognition using capsule networks

Automated reading of handwritten Kannada documents is highly challenging due to the presence of vowels, consonants and its modifiers. The variable nature of handwriting styles aggravates the complexity of machine based reading of handwritten vowels and consonants. In this paper, our investigation is inclined towards design of a deep convolution network with capsule and routing layers to efficiently recognize  Kannada handwritten characters.  Capsule network architecture is built of an input layer,  two convolution layers, primary capsule, routing capsule layers followed by tri-level dense convolution layer and an output layer.  For experimentation, datasets are collected from more than 100 users for creation of training data samples of about 7769 comprising of 49 classes. Test samples of all the 49 classes are again collected separately from 3 to 5 users creating a total of 245 samples for novel patterns. It is inferred from performance evaluation; a loss of 0.66% is obtained in the classification process and for 43 classes precision of 100% is achieved with an accuracy of 99%. An average accuracy of 95% is achieved for all remaining 6 classes with an average precision of 89%

Modeling and Stress Analysis of Rounded Rectangular Inclusion Enclosed by FGM Layer

The aim of the present work is to model and analyze stresses around rounded rectangular inclusion enclosed with functionally graded material (FGM) layer. The inclusion has been considered in an infinite plate which is subjected to far-field tensile stress. The extended finite element method (XFEM) has been used to model the inclusion with non-conformal mesh. The level set functions of circular and rectangular shapes have been used to trace the inclusion boundary with mesh. The FGM has been considered as continuous varying mixture of inclusion and plate materials with power law function along normal direction to the inclusion interface. Young's modulus has been assumed to vary within FGM layer, whereas Poisson's ratio is kept constant. The stress distribution and stress concentration factor (SCF) have been analyzed for different geometrical and FGM parameters. It has been observed that XFEM with level set method efficiently model the difficult shape inclusions such as rounded rectangle. Applying the FGM layer smoothens the stress distribution around rounded rectangular inclusion and significantly reduces SCF. The position of maximum stress shifted from the inclusion interface toward the FGM layer interface. The least SCF has been noted with power law index n = 0.5 and FGM layer thickness t = r

Snake Venom

Venomous snakes belonging to the family Viperidae, Elapidae, Colubridae and Hydrophidae, produces snake venom in order to facilitate immobilization and digestion of prey, act as defense mechanism against threats. Venom contains zootoxins which is a highly modified saliva that is either injected via fangs during a bite or spitted. The modified parotid gland, encapsulated in a muscular sheath, present on each side of the head, below and behind the eye, have large alveoli which temporarily stores the secreted venom and later conveyed by a duct to tubular fangs through which venom is injected. Venoms are complex mixtures of more than 20 different compounds, mostly proteins and polypeptides, including proteins, enzymes and substances with lethal toxicity which are either neurotoxic or haemotoxic in action and exert effects on nervous/muscular impulses and blood components. Lots of research are directed to use venoms as important pharmacological molecules for treating various diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease etc