Public Perceptions Of Female Offenders And Their Treatment Needs

There has been an abundance of research examining public perceptions toward various areas of the criminal justice system. Much of this research has focused on measuring public support toward punishment and rehabilitation for offenders within prison. However, less is known with regards to public attitudes toward female offenders. The current study examined public perceptions toward rehabilitation among offenders in general, and female offenders in particular, the risk factors that contribute to female offenders committing crimes, and toward various issues that are common among female offenders and their subsequent treatment needs. Two hundred and fifty participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk where respondents responded to four questionnaires that measured their perceptions toward offender rehabilitation, female offender risk factors, female offender characteristics, and female offender treatment. The results of this study concluded that the public is supportive of rehabilitation among offenders. In addition, the public requires more education regarding the risk factors that contribute to female offenders committing crimes, specifically in the areas of family and marital problems, emotional and personal issues, and substance use and abuse. However, results of this study indicated that the public is knowledgable on the issues that are common among female offenders and are supportive of rehabilitation among this offender population. The policy implications of these findings are discussed, limitations are addressed, and directions for future research are considered

Le rôle de la résonance magnétique nucléaire dans le diagnostic et la localisation du cancer rectal

Département de radiologie et d'imagerie, Université d'État de médecine et de pharmacie “Nicolae Testemitanu” Chisinau, République de Moldavie, The IVth Congress of Radiology and Medical Imaging of the Republic of Moldova with international participation, Chisinau, May 31 – June 2, 2018Introduction: Le cancer rectal, bien qu'il partage de nombreuses caractéristiques du carcinome colorectal, a quelques aspects individuels. Ceux-ci sont principalement liés à sa position anatomique, ce qui a des implications dans l'imagerie préopératoire et l'évaluation de la technique chirurgicale. Bien que la tomodensitométrie (TDM) puisse faire le diagnostic, la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) est devenue le point d'arrêt préopératoire. L'étude visait à évaluer la contribution de la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) dans la détection du cancer rectal par localisation, propagation locorégionale et diagnostic différentiel avec le cancer sigmoïde et anal. Matériel et méthodes: Un groupe de 24 patients, ayant un cancer colorectal suspecté, a été examiné par RMN du petit bassin entre août 2014 et décembre 2017. Résultats: Suite à l'étude, les 24 patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal présumé ont été diagnostiqués avec un cancer rectal de localisation variée. Parmi ceux-ci: cancer rectal supérieur – 6 patients (25%); cancer rectal moyen – 3 patients (12,5%); cancer rectal inférieur – 8 patients (33,3%); mixtes – 7 patients (29,2%), dont: supérieur et moyen – 2 patients (8,3%), moyen et inférieur – 5 patients (20,9%). Conclusions: L'incidence élevée des cas de cancer rectal supérieur (CRS) et inférieur (CRI), par rapport au cancer rectal moyen, nécessite un diagnostic différentiel rigoureux entre le CRS et le cancer sigmoïde et CRI et le cancer anal, la RMN du petit bassin est la méthode d'imagerie de choix, en raison de l'excellent contraste des tissus mous et l'absence de rayonnement ionisant

pH-sensitivity of YFP provides an intracellular indicator of programmed cell death.

BACKGROUND: Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the life cycle of all multicellular organisms. In higher plants however, relatively little is known about the cascade of genes and signalling molecules responsible for the initiation and execution of PCD. To aid with the discovery and analysis of plant PCD regulators, we have designed a novel cell death assay based on low cytosolic pH as a marker of PCD. RESULTS: The acidification that occurs in the cytosol during plant PCD was monitored by way of the extinction of YFP fluorescence at low pH. This fluorescence was recovered experimentally when bringing the intracellular pH back to 7, demonstrating that there was no protein degradation of YFP. Because it uses YFP, the assay is none-destructive, does not interfere with the PCD process and allows time-lapse studies to be carried out. In addition, changes of sub-cellular localisation can be visualised during PCD using the protein of interest fused to RFP. Coupled to a transient expression system, this pH-based assay can be used to functionally analyse genes involved in PCD, using point mutations or co-expressing PCD regulators. Transfecting mBAX and AtBI-1in onion epidermal cells showed that the pH shift is downstream of PCD suppression by AtBI-1. In addition, this method can be used to score PCD in tissues of stably transformed transgenic lines. As proof of principle, we show the example of YFP extinction during xylogenesis in Arabidopsis. This demonstrates that the assay is applicable to PCD studies in a variety of tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The observation that YFP fluorescence is lost during the plant PCD process provides a new tool to study the genetic regulation and cell biology of the process. In addition, plant cell biologists should make a note of this effect of PCD on YFP fluorescence to avoid misinterpretation of their data and to select a pH insensitive reporter if appropriate. This method represents an efficient and streamlined tool expected to bring insights on the process leading to the pH shift occurring during PCD

European motor insurance demand: a spatial approach of its effects and key determinants

The expansion of the European Union has intensified road traffic from, at least, two perspectives: it increased free mobility of people and goods, along with structural funds available for infrastructure improvement. Consequently, connections between regions/countries have improved, and a spatial diffusion effect is seen in the car transportation behaviour. We study the effect of Human Development Index (HDI) along with other important socio-economic, demographic and institutional factors on the motor insurance market in 31 European countries. Simultaneously, we evaluate if the crucial spatial diffusion effect is present on the European motor insurance market. Findings reveal that HDI, urbanization and car fleet positively impact the motor insurance market, while unemployment and population density exhibit an opposite effect. Overall, results are robust to a set of additional control factors, but sensitive relative to institutional factors and emerging and former communist countries group. Estimations confirm the assumption of spatial diffusion, while the assessment of the direct and indirect effects shows that most of the factors internally impact the dependent variable, and an international effect is at work for the HDI. Our findings may enhance the understanding of the European motor insurance market and provide some valuable insights from a policy perspectiv

Experimental and theoretical study of light scattering by individual mature red blood cells by use of scanning flow cytometry and discrete dipole approximation

Elastic light scattering by mature red blood cells (RBCs) was theoretically and experimentally analyzed with the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) and the scanning flow cytometry (SFC), respectively. SFC permits measurement of angular dependence of light-scattering intensity (indicatrix) of single particles. A mature RBC is modeled as a biconcave disk in DDA simulations of light scattering. We have studied the effect of RBC orientation related to the direction of the incident light upon the indicatrix. Numerical calculations of indicatrices for several aspect ratios and volumes of RBC have been carried out. Comparison of the simulated indicatrices and indicatrices measured by SFC showed good agreement, validating the biconcave disk model for a mature RBC. We simulated the light-scattering output signals from the SFC with the DDA for RBCs modeled as a disk-sphere and as an oblate spheroid. The biconcave disk, the disk-sphere, and the oblate spheroid models have been compared for two orientations, i.e. face-on and rim-on incidence. Only the oblate spheroid model for rim-on incidence gives results similar to the rigorous biconcave disk model.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

Imaging features and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: review article

Catedra de radiologie şi imagistică, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Departamentul de imagistică, Institutul de Medicină Urgentă, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Centrul Republican de Diagnosticare Medicală, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Centul COVID, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Secţia de imagistică, Spitalul Clinic Municipal Sfânta Treime, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Centrul „Euromed Diagnostic”, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaRezumat Introducere. Cu un număr tot mai mare de persoane cu COVID-19, este necesară o abordare mai eficientă pentru triajul acestor pacienţi pentru a optimiza diagnosticul şi managementul, pentru a conserva resursele disponibile şi pentru a limita răspândirea bolii. Imagistica medicală joacă un rol important în managementul majorităţii bolilor respiratorii, însă valoarea diverselor modalităţi imagistice în evaluarea pacienţilor cu COVID-19 necesită noi studii în acest domeniu. Material şi metode. Din bazele de date PubMed şi Scopus (Elsevier), articolele publicate în perioada februarie – mai 2020 au fost selectate în funcţie de cuvintele cheie: „COVID-19”, „coronavirus pneumonia”, „imaging diagnosis”, „chest radiography”, „computed tomography”. Au fost, de asemenea, studiate articolele relevante citate, precum şi cele mai recente orientări şi recomandări publicate de American College of Radiology (ACR), European Society of Radiology (ESR) şi Russian Society of Radiology (RSR). Au fost selectate şi procesate informaţii privind diagnosticul imagistic al COVID-19 şi valoarea diferitelor modalităţi imagistice în diagnosticul şi managementul pacienţilor cu COVID-19. Rezultate. După prelucrarea informaţiilor, 124 de articole au fost găsite conform criteriilor de căutare. Bibliografia finală conţine 32 de surse relevante, care au fost considerate reprezentative pentru materialele publicate pe tema acestui articol de recenzie. Concluzie. Articolul oferă o imagine de ansamblu detaliată despre rolul modalităţilor de imagistică medicală în diagnosticul, managementul şi urmărirea pacienţilor cu COVID-19. Sunt oferite, de asemenea, imagini radiografice reprezentative şi tomografice computerizate obţinute la pacienţii din Republica Moldova.Abstract Introduction. With increasing number of people with COVID-19, a more efficient approach to triage these patients is needed to optimize diagnosis and management, conserve available resources and limit the spread of disease. Medical imaging plays an important role in the management of most respiratory diseases, but the value of various imaging modalities in the evaluation of patients with COVID-19 requires new studies in this field. Material and methods. From the PubMed and Scopus (Elsevier) databases, articles published during February – May 2020 were selected according to the key words: ”COVID-19”, ”coronavirus pneumonia”, ”imaging diagnosis”, ”chest radiography”, ”computed tomography”. Relevant cited articles as well as the latest guidelines and recommendations published by the American College of Radiology (ACR), European Society of Radiology (ESR) and Russian Society of Radiology (RSR) were also studied. Information on the imaging diagnosis of COVID-19 and the value of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19 was selected and processed. Results. After processing the information, 124 articles were found according to the search criteria. The final bibliography contains 32 relevant sources, which were considered representative for the materials published on the topic of this review article. Conclusions. The article provides a detailed overview about the role of medical imaging modalities in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of patients with COVID-19. Representative radiographic and computed tomography images obtained in our patients are also provided

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