A new species of \u3cem\u3eCalceolaria\u3c/em\u3e (Calceolariaceae) from disturbed paramos in south Ecuador

Calceolaria molaui Puppo, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species was collected in Loja, in disturbed paramos near the frontier with Peru so it would be expected to occur in northern Peru as well. It is characteristic for having hirsute indumentum composed of branched trichomes, ovate, subcoriaceous leaves with reticulate venation, cyme bracts absent, elaiophore absent, and brown, deflexed anthers, totally dehiscent. Due to its indumentum, leave shape, and anther morphology, C. molaui is placed in Section Lehmannina Pennell within subgenus Calceolaria. This is the only species of this section in southern Ecuador

Partnering with Archivists to Process the Manuscript Collection Present at the Marshall University Herbarium

The Marshall University Herbarium (MUHW) is located on the third floor of the Science Building at Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia, United States. It was founded in the 1930\u27s by Dr. Frank A. Gilbert when Marshall was still Marshall College. Today, MUHW is the second largest herbarium in West Virginia with about 50,000 specimens, including 20 types. Mostly composed of vascular plants, the herbarium also contains small collections of non-vascular plants, fungi, algae, fossils, and some ethnobotanical material, mainly brought from Ecuador by one of the former curators, Dr. Dan Evans between the 1980\u27s and 2000\u27s. Apart from these biological collections, the Herbarium also has a small library and many other documents from former curators: letters from 1920-1930 written by Dr. Gilbert during the early years of MUHW, and research, teaching, and personal documents from Dr. Evans. In order to process the documentation present in the Herbarium, the MUHW curator reached out to the chair of the Special Collections Department at Marshall University, whose focus is precisely on manuscript collections like this and their historical relevance to the University and the Huntington area

Genus Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) in Lima department, Peru

Calceolaria cuenta con un total de 29 especies para Lima. Estas especies pertenecen a dos subgéneros y trece secciones del género. En el presente trabajo Calceolaria rivularis es mencionada por primera vez para este departamento. Calceolaria bicrenata, C. inflexa, C. linearis, C. neglecta, C. pulverulenta y C. scabra, no han sido recolectadas en Lima hace mas de cincuenta años, y las colecciones existentes para este departamento no se encuentran en herbarios nacionales. La mayoría de especies habitan estepas de gramíneas con arbustos dispersos, entre los 3000 — 3900 m; cinco habitan en lomas, pero solo una (C. dichotoma) está restringida a esta formación. Se proporciona una clave, ilustraciones que ayuden a la determinación, y breves descripciones de cada especie. Se incluyen breves comentarios a la diversidad de Calceolaria en Perú, nombres comunes y usos conocidos.Calceolaria has 29 species in Lima. These species belong to two subgenus and thirteen sections of the genus. Calceolaria rivularis is first reported for this department. Calceolaria bicrenata, C. inflexa, C. linearis, C. neglecta, C. pulverulenta and C. scabra, have not been collected in Lima for more than fifty years, and the existing collections for this department are not in national herbariums. Most of the species are found in grass steppe with dispersed bushes, between 3000-3900 m; five species grow in lomas, and only one (C. dichotoma) is restricted to this formation. A key, drawings and short descriptions are provided for these species. Brief comments about the genus diversity in Peru, common names and uses are also included

Genetic structure of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in Tenerife, the imprint of geological history and hybridization on within-island diversification

Geological history of oceanic islands can have a profound effect on the evolutionary history of insular flora, especially in complex islands such as Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Tenerife results from the secondary connection of three paleo-islands by a central volcano, and other geological events that further shaped it. This geological history has been shown to influence the phylogenetic history of several taxa, including genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae). Screening 15 microsatellite markers in 289 individuals representing the eight species of Micromeria present in Tenerife, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity and structure of these species and its relation with the geological events on the island. In addition, we evaluate the extent of hybridization among species and discuss its influence on the speciation process. We found that the species restricted to the paleo-islands present lower levels of genetic diversity but the highest levels of genetic differentiation suggesting that their ranges might have contracted over time. The two most widespread species in the island, M. hyssopifolia and M. varia, present the highest genetic diversity levels and a genetic structure that seems correlated with the geological composition of the island. Samples from M. hyssopifolia from the oldest paleo-island, Adeje, appear as distinct while samples from M. varia segregate into two main clusters corresponding to the paleo-islands of Anaga and Teno. Evidence of hybridization and intraspecific migration between species was found. We argue that species boundaries would be retained despite hybridization in response to the habitat\u27s specific conditions causing postzygotic isolation and preserving morphological differentiation

New distributions for 24 species of Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) in Peru and first record of Calceolaria perfoliata

Se registra por primera vez la presencia de 24 especies de Calceolaria para 15 departamentos de Perú y se registra la presencia de C. perfoliata en este país. Adicionalmente, se da un listado completo de las 123 espe- cies presentes en el Perú, su distribución geográfica actualizada, y se hace un análisis general de la diversidad de este género por departamento.Twenty four species of Calceolaria are recorded for the first time for 15 departments of Peru and the presence of C. perfoliata is reported in this country. In addition, a list with the 123 species present in Peru is included along with their current geographical distribution. A general analysis of the genus diversity per department is done

Genetic diversity and differentiation patterns in \u3cem\u3eMicromeria from the Canary Islands are congruent with multiple colonization dynamics and the establishment of species syngameons

Background Especially on islands closer to the mainland, such as the Canary Islands, different lineages that originated by multiple colonization events could have merged by hybridization, which then could have promoted radiation events (Herben et al., J Ecol 93: 572–575, 2005; Saunders and Gibson, J Ecol 93: 649–652, 2005; Caujapé-Castells, Jesters, red queens, boomerangs and surfers: a molecular outlook on the diversity of the Canarian endemic flora, 2011). This is an alternative to the scenario where evolution is mostly driven by drift (Silvertown, J Ecol 92: 168–173, 2004; Silvertown et al., J Ecol 93: 653–657, 2005). In the former case hybridization should be reflected in the genetic structure and diversity patterns of island species. In the present work we investigate Micromeria from the Canary Islands by extensively studying their phylogeographic pattern based on 15 microsatellite loci and 945 samples. These results are interpreted according to the hypotheses outlined above. Results Genetic structure assessment allowed us to genetically differentiate most Micromeria species and supported their current classification. We found that populations on younger islands were significantly more genetically diverse and less differentiated than those on older islands. Moreover, we found that genetic distance on younger islands was in accordance with an isolation-by-distance pattern, while on the older islands this was not the case. We also found evidence of introgression among species and islands. Conclusions These results are congruent with a scenario of multiple colonizations during the expansion onto new islands. Hybridization contributes to the grouping of multiple lineages into highly diverse populations. Thus, in our case, islands receive several colonization events from different sources, which are combined into sink populations. This mechanism is in accordance with the surfing syngameon hypothesis. Contrary to the surfing syngameon current form, our results may reflect a slightly different effect: hybridization might always be related to colonization within the archipelago as well, making initial genetic diversity to be high to begin with. Thus the emergence of new islands promotes multiple colonization events, contributing to the establishment of hybrid swarms that may enhance adaptive ability and radiation events. With time, population sizes grow and niches start to fill. Consequently, gene-flow is not as effective at maintaining the species syngameon, which allows genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation to be established between species. This process contributes to an even further decrease in gene-flow between species

Revisión de la sección Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) en Chile

Calceolaria is characterized by its bilabiate generally yellow flowers with the lower lip saccate and two stamens. Section Calceolaria has near 10 species all herbaceous and hygrophilous with a particular staminal morphology. The thecae are dimorphic and the connective is elongated in various ways. In Chile, only two species of this section, C. pinnata and C. tripartita, were known from the different flora publications since the 18th century. Moreover, the use of invalid species names such as C. scabiosifolia Roem. & Schult. contributed to the misidentification of the material of this section, further complicating its taxonomy. The aim of the present work is to make the first revision of the species of this section present in Chile as well as presenting a thorough revision of the literature that makes reference to them. A key for the species identification is included as well as descriptions, illustrations, comments on their distribution, and their conservation status in the country according to the IUCN methodology.Calceolaria se caracteriza por sus flores generalmente amarillas, bilabiadas con el labio inferior sacciforme y dos estambres. La sección Calceolaria contiene alrededor de 10 especies, todas herbáceas e higrófilas con una morfología estaminal particular. Las tecas son dimorfas y el conectivo alargado en diversas formas. En Chile sólo dos especies de esta sección, C. pinnata y C. tripartita, fueron reportadas en las diversas publicaciones hechas sobre la flora de este país desde el siglo XVIII. Es más, el uso de nombres inválidos como C. scabiosifolia Roem. & Schult. contribuyeron a la mala identificación de los ejemplares de esta sección confundiendo aún más su taxonomía. El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer la primera revisión de las especies de esta sección presentes en Chile, así como una revisión completa de la literatura que hace referencia a las mismas. Se incluye una clave para su identificación, descripciones de cada una, ilustraciones, comentarios sobre su distribución y la evaluación de su estado de conservación en el país según la metodología de la UICN

West Virginia Herbaria: Status, Updates, and Plans

The West Virginia (U.S.A.) Herbarium Curators met on December 1st, 2021, with the intent of sharing updates on the collections, fostering collaboration, learning from each other\u27s experiences, and identifying priorities for the collections towards the future. This article presents a summary of the herbaria that were represented in this meeting

Using molecular diet analysis to inform invasive species management: A case study of introduced rats consuming endemic New Zealand frogs

The decline of amphibians has been of international concern for more than two decades, and the global spread of introduced fauna is a major factor in this decline. Conservation management decisions to implement control of introduced fauna are often based on diet studies. One of the most common metrics to report in diet studies is Frequency of Occurrence (FO), but this can be difficult to interpret, as it does not include a temporal perspective. Here, we examine the potential for FO data derived from molecular diet analysis to inform invasive species management, using invasive ship rats (Rattus rattus) and endemic frogs (Leiopelma spp.) in New Zealand as a case study. Only two endemic frog species persist on the mainland. One of these, Leiopelma archeyi, is Critically Endangered (IUCN 2017) and ranked as the world\u27s most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered amphibian (EDGE, 2018). Ship rat stomach contents were collected by kill-trapping and subjected to three methods of diet analysis (one morphological and two DNA-based). A new primer pair was developed targeting all anuran species that exhibits good coverage, high taxonomic resolution, and reasonable specificity. Incorporating a temporal parameter allowed us to calculate the minimum number of ingestion events per rat per night, providing a more intuitive metric than the more commonly reported FO. We are not aware of other DNA-based diet studies that have incorporated a temporal parameter into FO data. The usefulness of such a metric will depend on the study system, in particular the feeding ecology of the predator. Ship rats are consuming both species of native frogs present on mainland New Zealand, and this study provides the first detections of remains of these species in mammalian stomach contents

The InBIO barcoding initiative database: DNA barcodes of Iberian Trichoptera, documenting biodiversity for freshwater biomonitoring in a Mediterranean hotspot

The Trichoptera are an important component of freshwater ecosystems. In the Iberian Peninsula, 380 taxa of caddisflies are known, with nearly 1/3 of the total species being endemic in the region. A reference collection of morphologically identified Trichoptera specimens, representing 142 Iberian taxa, was constructed. The InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) Trichoptera 01 dataset contains records of 438 sequenced specimens. The species of this dataset correspond to about 37% of Iberian Trichoptera species diversity. Specimens were collected between 1975 and 2018 and are deposited in the IBI collection at the CIBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Portugal) or in the collection Marcos A. González at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain).Twenty-nine species, from nine different families, were new additions to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). A success identification rate of over 80% was achieved when comparing morphological identifications and DNA barcodes for the species analysed. This encouraging step advances incorporation of informed Environmental DNA tools in biomonitoring schemes, given the shortcomings of morphological identifications of larvae and adult Caddisflies in such studies. DNA barcoding was not successful in identifying species in six Trichoptera genera: Hydropsyche (Hydropsychidae), Athripsodes (Leptoceridae), Wormaldia (Philopotamidae), Polycentropus (Polycentropodidae) Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) and Sericostoma (Sericostomatidae). The high levels of intraspecific genetic variability found, combined with a lack of a barcode gap and a challenging morphological identification, rendered these species as needing additional studies to resolve their taxonomy