Chemical Profiling of Essential Oil Composition and Biological Evaluation of Anethum graveolens L. (Seed) Grown in Thailand

In this study, the essential oil of Anethum graveolens L. seed (AEo) was studied for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. AEo was obtained from hydro-distillation and their composition was analyzed by GC-MS.  The major compositions of AEo are D-carvone, carvone, dill apiol and limonene. AEo was investigated for antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay and measured total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method.  Agar-well diffusion assay was used to study the anti-microbial activity and also agar-dilution and broth-micro dilution techniques were employed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. In addition, the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity were evaluated on Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Resazurin micro plate assay (REMA).  The results showed that AEo exhibited high total phenolic content (GAE= 4.5746 mg/mL) and antioxidant activities on DPPH (TEAC= 52.5391 mg/mL), ABTS (TEAC= 1.5936 mg/mL) and FRAP assay (TEAC= 0.5469 mg/mL) and also showed potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the MIC= 5.99 mg/mL.  Furthermore, AEo presented non-cytoxicity in normal cell whereas it exhibited greatly anti-cancer activity on KB-Oral cavity and MCF7-Breast cancer cells. Keywords: Anethum graveolens L., antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, chemical composition

Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Anethum graveolens L. and Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) Craib grown in hailand

The essential oils from the aerial part of Anethum graveolens L. and Trachyspermum roxburghinum (DC.) Craib were obtained by hydro-distillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the identification of chemical components. Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were used to determine total phenolic content and to evaluate antioxidant potential. Agar-well diffusion and agar-dilution methods were used to investigate antibacterial activity. The results indicated that a-phellandrene (61.57%), ?-phenandrene (10.39%) and dill ether (8.23%) represented as the major components of A. graveolens while sabinene (28.60%) and a-terpinolene (24.20%) including 3-n-butylphathalide (23.34%) were the main compounds of T. roxburghinum. The essential oils of both plants showed high total phenolic content (GEA= 1.7948-3.0971 mg/mL) and exhibited potent antioxidant activities in DPPH (TEAC= 19.3119 and 357.9297 mg/mL), ABTS (TEAC= 4.6031 and 13.4242 mg/mL) and FRAP assays (TEAC= 0.8327and 27.4173 mg/mL). Moreover, they had an effect on both gram-positive bacteria with MIC 2.66-11.88 mg/mL and gram-negative bacteria with MIC 23.76-85.77 mg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Anethum graveolens L., Trachyspermum roxburghinum (DC.) Craib, essential oil, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity