2,524 research outputs found
Multiband superconductors close to a 3D-2D electronic topological transition
Within the two-band model of superconductivity, we study the dependence of
the critical temperature Tc and of the isotope exponent alpha in the proximity
to an electronic topological transition (ETT). The ETT is associated with a
3D-2D crossover of the Fermi surface of one of the two bands: the sigma subband
of the diborides. Our results agree with the observed dependence of Tc on Mg
content in A_{1-x}Mg_xB_2 (A=Al or Sc), where an enhancement of Tc can be
interpreted as due to the proximity to a "shape resonance". Moreover we have
calculated a possible variation of the isotope effect on the superconducting
critical temperature by tuning the chemical potential.Comment: J. Supercond., to appea
Symmetry breaking and restoring under high pressure: the amazing behaviour of the "simple" alkali metals
We argue that an ionic lattice surrounded by a Fermi liquid changes phase
several times under pressure, oscillating between the symmetric phase and a
low-symmetry dimerized structure, as a consequence of Friedel oscillations in
the pair potential. Phase oscillations explain the tendency towards
dimerization which has been recently reported for the light alkali metals under
high pressure. Moreover, a restoring of the symmetric phase is predicted for
such elements at an even higher density.Comment: accepted in Eur. Phys. J.
Superconducting transition temperatures of the elements related to elastic constants
For a given crystal structure, say body-centred-cubic, the many-body
Hamiltonian in which nuclear and electron motions are to be treated from the
outset on the same footing, has parameters, for the elements, which can be
classified as (i) atomic mass M, (ii) atomic number Z, characterizing the
external potential in which electrons move, and (iii) bcc lattice spacing, or
equivalently one can utilize atomic volume, Omega. Since the thermodynamic
quantities can be determined from H, we conclude that Tc, the superconducting
transition temperature, when it is non-zero, may be formally expressed as Tc =
Tc^(M) (Z, Omega). One piece of evidence in support is that, in an atomic
number vs atomic volume graph, the superconducting elements lie in a well
defined region. Two other relevant points are that (a) Tc is related by BCS
theory, though not simply, to the Debye temperature, which in turn is
calculable from the elastic constants C_{11}, C_{12}, and C_{44}, the atomic
weight and the atomic volume, and (b) Tc for five bcc transition metals is
linear in the Cauchy deviation C* = (C_{12} - C_{44})/(C_{12} + C_{44}).
Finally, via elastic constants, mass density and atomic volume, a correlation
between C* and the Debye temperature is established for the five bcc transition
elements.Comment: EPJB, accepte
Scaling of the superconducting transition temperature in underdoped high-Tc cuprates with a pseudogap energy: Does this support the anyon model of their superfluidity?
In earlier work, we have been concerned with the scaling properties of some
classes of superconductors, specifically with heavy Fermion materials and with
five bcc transition metals of BCS character. Both of these classes of
superconductors were three-dimensional but here we are concerned solely with
quasi-two-dimensional high-Tc cuprates in the underdoped region of their phase
diagram. A characteristic feature of this part of the phase diagram is the
existence of a pseudogap (pg). We therefore build our approach around the
assumption that kB Tc / E_pg is the basic dimensionless ratio on which to
focus, where the energy E_pg introduced above is a measure of the pseudogap.
Since anyon fractional statistics apply to two-dimensional assemblies, we
expect the fractional statistics parameter allowing `interpolation' between
Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistical distribution functions as limiting
cases to play a significant role in determining kB Tc / E_pg and experimental
data are analyzed with this in mind.Comment: Phys. Chem. Liquids, to be publishe
Faraday instability in deformable domains
Hydrodynamical instabilities are usually studied either in bounded regions or free to grow in space. In this article we review the experimental results of an intermediate situation, in which an instability develops in deformable domains. The Faraday instability, which consists in the formation of surface waves on a liquid experiencing a vertical forcing, is triggered in floating liquid lenses playing the role of deformable domains. Faraday waves deform the lenses from the initial circular shape and the mutual adaptation of instability patterns with the lens boundary is observed. Two archetypes of behaviour have been found. In the first archetype a stable elongated shape is reached, the wave vector being parallel to the direction of
elongation. In the second archetype the waves exceed the response of the lens border and no equilibrium shape is reached. The lens stretches and eventually breaks into
fragments that have a complex dynamics. The difference between the two archetypes is explained by the competition between the radiation pressure the waves exert on the lens border and its response due to surface tension
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