Supplementary material from "Social information use and social information waste"

Social information is immensely valuable. Yet we waste it. The information we get from observing other humans and from communicating with them is a cheap and reliable informational resource. It is considered the backbone of human cultural evolution. Theories and models focused on the evolution of social learning show the great adaptive benefits of evolving cognitive tools to process it. In spite of this, human adults in the experimental literature use social information quite inefficiently: they do not take it sufficiently into account. A comprehensive review of the literature on five experimental tasks documented 45 studies showing social information waste, and four studies showing social information being over-used. These studies cover ‘egocentric discounting’ phenomena as studied by social psychology, but also include experimental social learning studies. Social information waste means that human adults fail to give social information its optimal weight. Both proximal explanations and accounts derived from evolutionary theory leave crucial aspects of the phenomenon unaccounted for: egocentric discounting is a pervasive effect that no single unifying explanation fully captures. Cultural evolutionary theory's insistence on the power and benefits of social influence is to be balanced against this phenomenon.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Foundations of cultural evolution’

Supplementary material from "The collective effect of finite-sized inhomogeneities on the spatial spread of populations in two dimensions"

The dynamics of a population expanding into unoccupied habitat has been primarily studied for situations in which growth and dispersal parameters are uniform in space or vary in one dimension. Here, we study the influence of finite-sized individual inhomogeneities and their collective effect on front speed if randomly placed in a two-dimensional habitat. We use an individual-based model to investigate the front dynamics for a region in which dispersal or growth of individuals is reduced to zero (obstacles) or increased above the background (hotspots), respectively. In a regime where front dynamics is determined by a local front speed only, a principle of least time can be employed to predict front speed and shape. The resulting analytical solutions motivate an event-based algorithm illustrating the effects of several obstacles or hotspots. We finally apply the principle of least time to large heterogeneous environments by solving the Eikonal equation numerically. Obstacles lead to a slow-down that is dominated by the number density and width of obstacles, but not by their precise shape. Hotspots result in a speedup, which we characterize as function of hotspot strength and density. Our findings emphasize the importance of taking the dimensionality of the environment into account

Sample simulation files for 'New Features of the Open Source Monte Carlo Software Brick-CFCMC: Thermodynamic Integration and Hybrid Trial Moves'

This dataset contains sample simulation input files to run Monte Carlo simulations of solutions of NaCl in water and a deep eutectic solvent

The ESO DIBs Large Exploration Survey

VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomy & Astrophysics with title 'The ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey (EDIBLES). I. Project description, survey sample, and quality assessment.' (bibcode: 2017A&A...606A..76C

280 one-opposition near Earth asteroids

VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomy & Astrophysics with title '280 one-opposition near Earth asteroids recovered by the EURONEAR with the Isaac Newton Telescope.' (bibcode: 2018A&A...609A.105V

S abundances for 1301 stars from GES

VizieR online Data Catalogue associated with article published in journal Astronomy & Astrophysics with title 'The Gaia-ESO Survey: Galactic evolution of sulphur and zinc.' (bibcode: 2017A&A...604A.128D