An investigation of Chinese students’ grammar developmental sequence: a corpus study of academic writing

The paper explores the impact of three major dominants of acquisition order: semantic complexity, input frequency, and native language transfer. A special corpus of Chinese students’ academic writing was created to present both qualitative and quantitative data for the research. The number of texts analyzed for this research is 510, comprising 701 440 words. The research is longitudinal; the data presented in this paper were obtained in the period of February 2015 - February 2017. The research will be carried out, thus the results which we want to discuss are preliminary. The research findings provide support for pedagogical recommendations to present the patterns in receptive grammar acquisition (input) which can result in more error-free and diversified grammatical outpu

Conceptual metaphors of anger in Chinese and English: a contrastive analysis

Cognitive linguistics postulates that the metaphor serves an important role in human thought. Our conceptual system exists in a strong correlation to the metaphor which mirrors the cultural reality of our lives. Metaphors are grounded on culture and conceptual metaphors are mirrored in a language, which is a significant component of culture. Adopting the theory of the metaphor as the mapping between source and target domains, this paper aims at analyzing how the conceptual metaphors of anger are reflected in the English and Chinese language

IMPACT OF OVERHEAT ON DISABLED SWIMMERS’ SKELETAL MUSCLE STIFFNESS

Contemporary athletic recovery involves the range of treatments combined with training and restitution processes and are designed to optimize rest as well as minimize the effects of sports overstrain. Sportsmen benefit enormously from recovery treatments during both preparation and competition phases as they help remove frequent pathogenic pre-start conditions which could reduce work capacity and affect adversely results achieved. Purpose: The paper is aimed to specify the impact of overheat on easing the stiffness of disabled sportspeople’s biceps muscle of arm and the central part of the deltoid muscle. It has been assumed that overheating in a Finnish sauna will facilitate muscle condition and recovery of a swimmer’s body. Material: The research involved 20 disabled swimmers - 10 competitors based in the Start sports club in Kalisz and 10 contestants based in Start sports club in Wroclaw. The Tonus-1 myotonometer was used to measure the stiffness of biceps muscle of arm (biceps brachii) and the central part of the deltoid muscle (deltoideus - pars acromialic). The research was carried out in two stages: training mesocycle with no recovery and training mesocycle with recovery. The mesocycles comprised three one-week-long microcycles each. Results: The research proved the overheating to ease rest muscle stiffness . Conclusions: The upshot of the discussion was that the Finnish sauna has a tonic effect on a disable swimmer’s body. Reduction of post work-out muscle stiffness will facilitate effective recovery and bring forward next training activities

Evaluation Of Yukon Environmental Assessment Interest Representation

Conflict is inherent in resource management. To effectively alleviate or eliminate interest incompatibilities, public policy processes must provide adequate opportunities for the representation of interests by concerned parties. The difficulty lies in ascertaining successful means of incorporating various interests into the decision-making process. Yet, to date, there has been little attention to what works, where, and why.;Evaluation may serve to remedy this problem by serving the dual functions of generating knowledge and improving practice. Models of the evaluation of interest representation were reviewed. None were found adequate to present needs. A new evaluative framework was developed that incorporated the properties of interest representation into the framework through the coupling of responsive evaluation and grounded theory. Interviews were held in an initial field season (Summer 1992) in the Yukon with prominent stakeholders in environmental decision-making to identify criteria for the assessment.;The model was applied to evaluate the conduct of interest representation within environmental assessment in Yukon. Three case studies were selected at the second level of screening performed by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Data were collected on each through the use of interviews with those involved in the conduct of the review complemented by written data sources concerning the cases.;The research found that information exchange is central to the success of a public participation process through its effects on other characteristics. Thus the key to effective interest representation is to maximise the amount, distribution, and functionality of information exchange with resources that provide an accountable balance between equality and efficiency. Recommendations are provided to aid in the improvement of the process under study

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY IN CHILDREN WITH HEARING DISORDERS

Assessment of general physical efficiency in children with hearing organ impairment was researched with respect to the impairment degree. The research included 32 children suffering from hearing organ impairments of various degrees, in the Hearing Disorders Child Centre in Wroclaw. The European Physical Efficiency Test “Eurofit” was used in the research. The results showed that hearing impairment does not statistically significantly differentiates predispositions for balance disorder tolerance. Additionally, it was stated that the impairment degree had only slight influence on children’s physical efficiency, and what is most important, physical efficiency of children with hearing disorders was similar to average efficiency among hearing children

Genetic diversity in Canadian, mountain and moorland, and Nordic pony populations

The legally binding international declaration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (signed by over 180 countries) recently acknowledged the importance of conserving genetic diversity within livestock species. This study aimed to help Canada assess molecular diversity in its horse and pony (Equus ferus caballus) genetic resources. Here, 24 populations were examined, with special focus on the native Canadian, Mountain and Moorland, and Nordic pony populations, using two well accepted molecular tools. Additional horse breeds and feral populations were also included in this project as some may have influenced the development of the three equine groups of interest. Altogether, 821 individuals were genotyped at 38 microsatellite loci, and 280 individuals were sequenced using a 421 base pair portion of the mitochondrial displacement Hypervariable Region I. Results from the microsatellite analyses indicated that 13.33% of genetic diversity arose from breed differences, whereas 84.60% and 2.07% of diversity arose from within and among individuals respectively. The New Forest and Welsh breeds were found to be the most diverse while having the highest average effective number of alleles and allelic richness (4.31 and 6.01; 4.33 and 5.87 respectively). The Eriskay and Lac La Croix breeds were found to have the lowest average effective number of alleles and allelic richness (2.51 and 3.98; 2.83 and 4.01 respectively). Expected heterozygosities were lowest in the Lac La Croix (0.61) and highest in the Welsh and New Forest (0.74) breeds, whereas observed heterozygosities were highest in the Kerry Bog (0.77) and lowest in the Exmoor (0.57) breeds. The genetic structure and admixture analyses suggested that the most probable number of unique genetic clusters was 21 as opposed to the 24 predefined populations. Results from the mitochondrial sequence data revealed that there were 36 informative sites producing 62 haplotypes, 20 of which were previously unreported. The Connemara was found to have the highest haplotype diversity of the pony breeds (0.89); however, the Highland pony was found to have the highest nucleotide diversity and pairwise difference (0.16 and 6.73 respectively). In contrast, the Fell pony had the lowest haplotype diversity (0.22), and the feral Sable Island population had the lowest nucleotide diversity and pairwise difference (0.01 and 0.29 respectively). Multiple phylogenetic trees were reconstructed and produced similar topologies. In general, the Mountain and Moorland and Nordic breeds were spread among the clades, whereas native Canadian populations were most frequent in the D and E clades. Interestingly, a large portion of ponies were found within the rare E clade as opposed to horses. Information gathered from this project can be incorporated with other available data into pre-existing conservation/breeding programs currently managed by the various breed societies to ensure that the most optimal and sustainable strategies are in place

Customer Involvement in the Game Development Process

The creative industry is a fast developing sector of economy in many countries. Growing competition in this area has led many companies to implement strategy of users' involvement in product development in order to deliver products that are more aligned with customers’ needs. On the other hand, the attempt to align the customers’ expectations with artistic creativity may create tensions. Therefore, the aim of the research is to examine the methods of users’ involvement in product development and real impact of the users on project design. The obtained findings are based on two-year qualitative research project conducted in game development companies.Przemysł kreatywny jest szybko rozwijającym się sektorem gospodarki w wielu krajach. Rosnąca konkurencja w tej dziedzinie skłania wiele firm do wdrażania strategii wykorzystującej zaangażowanie użytkowników w rozwój produktów w celu dostarczania produktów lepiej dostosowanych do potrzeb klientów. Z drugiej strony, próba pogodzenia oczekiwań klientów z twórczością artystyczną może generować napięcia. Dlatego celem tej pracy jest zbadanie sposobów zaangażowania użytkowników w rozwój produktów i rzeczywistego wpływu użytkowników na projektowanie rozwiązań. Uzyskane wyniki są oparte na danych zgromadzonych w ramach dwuletniego projektu badań jakościowych prowadzonego w firmach tworzących gry

Zastosowanie indywidualnie nastawianego, wytrzymałego aparatu skokowego do korekty położenia żuchwy pacjentów z wadą klasy II

Wprowadzenie. Przedstawiono konstrukcję i możliwości indywidualnego dostosowania zastosowanego aparatu skokowego. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie wyników klinicznego zastosowania indywidualnie nastawianego, wytrzymałego aparatu skokowego „Flex Developer” w którym jako element aktywny zastosowano nylonowy trzon. Materiał i metoda. Raport opisuje zastosowanie aparatu skokowego w dwu grupach badawczych (u 17 pacjentów dorastających i u 12 pacjentów dorosłych). Do oceny wykorzystano analizę cefalometryczną przeprowadzoną przed i po leczeniu. Wyniki. Zmiany szkieletowe oraz zębowo-wyrostkowe jednoznacznie potwierdzają skuteczność zastosowanego aparatu skokowego. Obserwowane zmiany były znamiennie statystycznie większe w grupie młodszych pacjentów (poniżej 19 roku życia). Wniosek. Zastosowany aparat skokowy stanowi wiarygodną pomoc w ortodontycznym leczeniu wad okluzji klasy II.Introduction. The construction and adaptation of the appliance to the individual patient is described and illustrated. The aim of the present report is to describe the development and clinical testing of an adjustable, unbreakable “bite-jumping” device, the “Flex Developer”® incorporating a nylon rod as the extendable “bite-jumping” element. Material and method. The report describes clinical testing on two groups of patients (young N = 17, mature N = 12) using a cephalometric appraisal before and after treatment. Results. The efficiency of the appliance in correcting Class II malocclusion by means a series of skeletal and dento-alveolar changes is clearly illustrated, the statistically significant skeletal improvement being greater in the younger (under 19 years) patients. Conclusion. The appliance constitutes a reliable adjunct to orthodontic correction of the Class II anomaly