182 research outputs found
Plasticity in stomatal density and morphology in okra and tomatoes in response to soil and water salinity
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) were grown in saline (3.0 dS m-1 NaCl) and non-saline soil and irrigated with saline (2.4 dS m-1 NaCl) or non-saline water to determine the response of stomatal density and morphology to salinity. Stomata density (stomata number per unit leaf area) for tomato grown on saline soil was reduced by 33% (12 mm-2) compared with those on non-saline soils (18 mm-2); this reduction was more severe on the adaxial leaf surface where stomatal density was low. Similar reductions in stomatal density were observed in tomato irrigated with saline water. Stomata size in tomato was significantly reduced by about 20% with both types of salinity, thus the proportion of leaf surface area occupied by the stomata in salt-stressed plants, i.e., stomata area index (SAI), averaged 4.4% in salt-stressed plants compared with 5.5% in plants grown in non-saline conditions. Okra, on the other hand, maintained a similar stomatal density (average 22 mm-2) on both saline and non-saline soils, but saline irrigation marginally increased the density. In okra, the abaxial leaf surface accounted for about 68% of the total stomata under both saline and non-saline conditions. Individual stoma size in okra was increased by up to 15% on both leaf surfaces due to salinity, hence, the SAI increased from an average of 9.0% under non-saline conditions to 11.7% under saline stress. Notwithstanding the increase in SAI for okra, salinity reduced stomatal conductance by more than 50% in both crops. The stomatal conductance was generally much larger in okra than in tomato, and was as large in okra exposed to salinity as for tomato in the absence of salinity
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A taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous species of the rattan genus Korthalsia (Arecaceae)
The rattan genus Korthalsia Blume (Arecaceae: Calamoideae: Calameae) is
widespread in the Malesian region. Among the 28 accepted species are 10 species
that form intimate associations with ants. The ants inhabit the conspicuous ocreas that
are produced by these species, using them as domatia to care for their young and to
husband scale insects. As a foundation for future work, we present here a taxonomic
treatment of the myrmecophilous Korthalsia species, based on extensive research both
in the herbarium and the field. In addition, we conduct detailed morphological
characterisation of the structure and development of ocrea using light and scanning
electron microscopy. Descriptions, illustrations, keys and distribution maps are
presented for all 10 species, along with microscopic images of ocrea morphology and
development for selected species
The PhyloCode applied to Cintractiellales, a new order of smut fungi with unresolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ustilaginomycotina
The PhyloCode is used to classify taxa based on their relation to a most recent common ancestor as recovered from a phylogenetic analysis. We examined the first specimen of Cintractiella (Ustilaginomycotina) collected from Australia and determined its systematic relationship to other Fungi. Three ribosomal DNA loci were analysed both with and without constraint to a phylogenomic hypothesis of the Ustilaginomycotina. Cintractiella did not share a most recent common ancestor with other orders of smut fungi. We used the PhyloCode to define the Cintractiellales, a monogeneric order with four species of Cintractiella, including C. scirpodendri sp. nov. on Scirpodendron ghaeri. The Cintractiellales may have shared a most recent common ancestor with the Malasseziomycetes, but are otherwise unresolved at the rank of class.https://fuse-journal.orghj2021Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)Plant Production and Soil Scienc
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Using structural colour to track length scale of cell‐wall layers in developing Pollia japonica fruits
Summary: Helicoidally arranged layers of cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls can produce strong and vivid coloration in a wide range of species. Despite its significance, the morphogenesis of cell walls, whether reflective or not, is not fully understood. Here we show that by optically monitoring the reflectance of Pollia japonica fruits during development we can directly map structural changes of the cell wall on a scale of tens of nanometres. Visible‐light reflectance spectra from individual living cells were measured throughout the fruit maturation process and compared with numerical models. Our analysis reveals that periodic spacing of the helicoidal architecture remains unchanged throughout fruit development, suggesting that interactions in the cell‐wall polysaccharides lead to a fixed twisting angle of cellulose helicoids in the cell wall. By contrast with conventional electron microscopy, which requires analysis of different fixed specimens at different stages of development, the noninvasive optical technique we present allowed us to directly monitor live structural changes in biological photonic systems as they develop. This method therefore is applicable to investigations of photonic tissues in other organisms
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENYULUHAN MENGENAI IUD PASCAPLASENTA
Background : Post-placental IUD is defined as IUD insertion within 10 minutes after the expulsion of placenta. This method is considered safe and the most potential method to prevent missed opportunity. The use of post-placental IUD
currently perceived incompatible with the expectation. One of the factors that cause this thing is the low knowledge level of post-placental IUD in society.
Aim : To analyze the difference of knowledge level and attitude towards postplacental IUD on pregnant woman before and after counseling.
Methods : This research was conducted using quasi experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-three samples were taken by consecutive sampling
from pregnant woman who lived in the territory of Puskesmas Ngesrep and Puskemas Halmahera, Semarang. Data were analyzed using paired T-Test.
Results : The mean value of knowledge level before counseling was 6,09 ± 1,826 whereas after counseling was 8,15 ± 1,661. The mean value of attitude before counseling was 35,79 ± 4,709 with 26 respondents had positive attitude and 7 respondents had negative attitude whereas after counseling the mean value was 39,97 ± 4,261 with all respondents had positive attitude. There was significant
difference (p<0,05) on knowledge level (p=0,000) and attitude (p=0,000) before and after counseling.
Conclusion : There was significant difference on knowledge level and attitude towards post-placental IUD on pregnant woman before and after counseling.
Key words: Post-placental IUD, counseling, knowledge level, attitud
Silica bodies and their systematic implications at the subfamily level in Podostemaceae
Biorefining of wheat straw:accounting for the distribution of mineral elements in pretreated biomass by an extended pretreatment–severity equation
BACKGROUND: Mineral elements present in lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks may accumulate in biorefinery process streams and cause technological problems, or alternatively can be reaped for value addition. A better understanding of the distribution of minerals in biomass in response to pretreatment factors is therefore important in relation to development of new biorefinery processes. The objective of the present study was to examine the levels of mineral elements in pretreated wheat straw in response to systematic variations in the hydrothermal pretreatment parameters (pH, temperature, and treatment time), and to assess whether it is possible to model mineral levels in the pretreated fiber fraction. RESULTS: Principal component analysis of the wheat straw biomass constituents, including mineral elements, showed that the recovered levels of wheat straw constituents after different hydrothermal pretreatments could be divided into two groups: 1) Phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and calcium correlated with xylose and arabinose (that is, hemicellulose), and levels of these constituents present in the fiber fraction after pretreatment varied depending on the pretreatment-severity; and 2) Silicon, iron, copper, aluminum correlated with lignin and cellulose levels, but the levels of these constituents showed no severity-dependent trends. For the first group, an expanded pretreatment-severity equation, containing a specific factor for each constituent, accounting for variability due to pretreatment pH, was developed. Using this equation, the mineral levels could be predicted with R(2) > 0.75; for some with R(2) up to 0.96. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment conditions, especially pH, significantly influenced the levels of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and calcium in the resulting fiber fractions. A new expanded pretreatment-severity equation is proposed to model and predict mineral composition in pretreated wheat straw biomass
Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)
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